1. Nouns Notes

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Notes

3. Nouns Concrete: a physical person, place, or thing.
Noun: person, place, or thing.
Concrete: a physical person, place, or thing.
Ex: desks, Mr. Morton, candy bars
Abstract: an idea or quality.
Ex: happiness, speed, freedom
If you can touch it, it’s a concrete noun.

4. Common and Proper Nouns
Common Noun: a general person, place, or thing. Ex: doctor, store, book Proper Noun: a specific person, place, thing, or brand name. Ex: Doctor Phil, Target, Scumble

5. Capitalization Rules
The first letter of a sentence is always capitalized.
The pronoun “I” is always capitalized.
Proper nouns are always capitalized.
Examples:
Chicago, Illinois, the Mississippi River, Chris, The Simpsons, English, Chicken McNuggets, Nike Jordan

6. Abbreviations
A title of respect is used with the name of a person . Titles begin with an uppercase letter and many are abbreviated with a period after them.
President Obama Mr. Scott Mrs. Hudson Dr. Dan
Abbreviations for weights and measures begin with a lowercase letter. Abbreviations for metric measurements do not have periods after them.
yard= yd. meter= m

7. Other Common Abbreviations
Days of the week: Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat. Months: Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

8. State Abbreviations
Alabama AL Alaska AK Arizona AZ Arkansas AR California CA Colorado CO Connecticut CT Delaware DE Florida FL Georgia GA Hawaii HI Idaho ID Illinois IL Indiana IN Iowa IA Kansas KS Kentucky KY Louisiana LA Maine ME Maryland MD Massachusetts MA Michigan MI Minnesota MN Mississippi MS Missouri MO Montana MT Nebraska NE Nevada NV New Hampshire NH New Jersey NJ New Mexico NM New York NY North Carolina NC North Dakota ND Ohio OH Oklahoma OK Oregon OR Pennsylvania PA Rhode Island RI South Carolina SC South Dakota SD Tennessee TN Texas TX Utah UT Vermont VT Virginia VA Washington WA West Virginia WV Wisconsin WI Wyoming WY

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10. Nouns
A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea Singular Noun names ONE person, place, thing, or idea Plural Noun names more than one person, place, thing, or idea

11. Plurals Most plural nouns are formed by adding –s
picture/pictures wing/wings day/days
Add –es to nouns ending in ch, sh, x, z, s, and ss
bunch/bunches wish/ wishes box/boxes class/classes
If a noun ends in a consonant and y, change the y to i and add –es
berry/berries spy/ spies day/days turkey/turkeys

12. Plurals Some nouns have irregular plural forms. They change spelling.
mouse/mice goose/geese child/children woman/women man/men tooth/teeth
For most nouns that end in f or fe, change f to v, and add –es
leaf/leaves knife/knives calf/calves wife/wives
Some only add –s
chief/chiefs

13. Plurals Some nouns have the same singular and plural noun forms.
sheep deer headquarters series elk moose trout
For compound nouns, make only the important word plural.
fathers-in law secretaries of state mothers-in-law

14. Plurals If a noun ends in a vowel and o, add -s
video/videos radio/radios rodeo/rodeos studio/studios
Check a dictionary for plurals of nouns ending in consonant o.
**Some add –s **Some add –es
photo/photos potato/potatoes
banjo/banjos hero/heroes
echo/echoes

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16. Possessive nouns are used to show possession (owning, or having).

17. The dog's collar is too large.
The word "dog's" is the possessive noun. It tells you that the noun "collar" belongs to the dog. The dog owns, or possesses the collar.
Add 's to the end of a singular noun to make it possessive.

18. We saw the children's snowman.
Add only the apostrophe (') to the end of a plural noun that ends with an s.
Add 's to the end of a plural noun that does not end with an s.

19. My sisters' names are Kate and Nikki.
Optional: If the noun is singular and ends with an s, add 's or add only the apostrophe (').