1. Stage 13 Vocabulary Britannia:Britannia duram:durus
deplorant:deplorare
pluit
solem:sol
Italiam:Italia
redire volo
aquam:aqua
bibere non possum
foeda
pavimentum
Britian
harsh, hard
complain about
it is raining
sun
Italy
I want to return
water
I cannot drink
foul, horrible
floor

2. Stage 13 Vocabulary lavat:lavare laborare nolo fessus advenit:advenire
apud Cantiacos
coniuarationem:coniuratio
vulneratus
metallum
hospes
quamquam
wash
I do not want to work
tired
arrive
among the Cantiaci
plot
wounded
mines
host
although

3. Stage 13 Vocabulary ferrum effodiebant:effodere ad se ex ordinibus
inutilis
carnificibus:carnifex
nomen
vindicare voluit
itaque
ubi
ceteri
iron
dig
to him
from the rows
useless
executioner
name
wanted to avenge
and so
when
the others

4. Stage 13 Vocabulary pugionem:pugio custodes:custos elusit:eludere
manus…extendit
veniam petivit
audacem:audax
saeviebat:saevire
conscii:conscius
supplicium
posco:poscere
nocens
dagger
guard
slip past
stretched out his hands
begged for mercy
daring, bold
be in a rage
accomplice
death penalty
demand
guilty

5. Stage 13 Vocabulary innocentes:innocens coniurabant:coniurare invitus
in aream
se instruxerunt:se instruere
per ordines
secum
rex
Cogidubnus
equites:eques
equo:equus
pueri puellaeque
innocent
plot
unwilling, reluctant
into the courtyard
draw oneself up
along the rows
with him
king
Cogidubnus
horseman
horse
the boys and girls

6. Stage 13 Vocabulary gemini simulac insolens erupit:erumpere nonnulli
retraxerunt:retrahere
se recepit:se recipere
punire
illud
facile
twins
as soon as
rude, insolent
break away
some, several
drag back
recover
punish
that
easy

7. Stage 13 Vocabulary agros:ager segetem:seges frumentum horreum
intulerunt:inferre
aratores:arator
magister
nonne
praeest:praeesse ei
field
crop, harvest
grain
barn, granary
bring in
plowman
foreman
surely
be in charge of
to him

8. Stage 13 Vocabulary peritissimus:peritus solus
rem rusticam: res rustica
curare
simulatque hi
ferunt:ferre
ignavis: ignavus
aedificia: aedificium
dira
skillful
alone, only
the farming
look after, supervise
as soon as
these
bring
lazy
building
dreadful, awful

9. Stage 13 Vocabulary taurus animal impetum:impetus fuit neglegens
Britannis:Britanni
bull
animal
attack
has been
careless
Britons

10. Stage 13 Grammar: Infinitives
Loquax cantat.
Loquax is singing.
servi dominum vident.
The slaves see the master.
Loquax cantare vult.
Loquax wants to sing.
servi dominum videre nolunt.
The slaves do not want to see the master.

11. Infinitives pueri currunt. The boys are running.
Salvius Bregantem punit.
Salvius punishes Bregans
pueri celeriter currere possunt.
The boys are able to run quickly.
Salvius Bregantem punire potest.
Salvius is able to punish Bregans.

12. Infinitives Practice Anti-Loquax currit. Anti-Loquax currere potest.
Anti-Loquax is running. Anti-Loquax is able to run.
Bregans laborat. Bregans laborare non vult.
Bregans is working. Bregans does not want to work.
gemini fabulam audire volunt.
The twins want to hear the story.
Pueri festinare non possunt
The boys are not able to hurry.

13. Infinitives cont.
Verbs, like nouns, belong to families. Verb families are called conjugations. The vowel that precedes the –re of the infinitive determines the conjugation to which the verb belongs.

14. Infinitive Conjugation
First Conjugation
Second Conjugation
Third Conjugation
Fourth Conjugation
cantare: a /-re
videre: e /-re
currere: e /-re
punire: i /-re

15. Conjugation Practice ducere dormire postulare habere festinare manere
audire
facere
Third
Fourth
First
Second

16. Verbs Used With Infinitives
The verbs volo, nolo, and possum are often used with an infinitive. Each forms its present tense as follows:

17. volo (ego) volo I want (tu) vis you (p) want vult s/he wants (nos)
volumus
we want
(vos)
vultis
you (s) want
volunt
they want

18. nolo (ego) nolo I do not want (tu) non vis you (s) do not want
non vult
s/he does not want
(nos)
nolumus
we do not want
(vos)
non vultis
you (p) do not want
nolunt
they do not want

19. possum (ego) possum I am able (tu) potes you (s) are able potest
s/he is able
(nos)
possumus
we are able
(vos)
potestis
you (p) are able
possunt
they are able

20. possum, potes, etc. can also be translated as “I can,” “you can,” etc.
nos dormire non possumus.
We are not able to sleep or We cannot sleep.
ego leonem interficere possum.
I am able to kill the lion or I can kill the lion.

21. Practice ego pugnare possum. nos effugere non possumus.
tu laborare non vis.
coquus cenam optimam parare potest.
celeriter currere potestis.
in villa manere nolo.
laborare nolunt.
vinum bibere volumus.

22. Practice Answers I am able to fight. We are not able to escape.
You do not want to work.
The cook is able to prepare the best dinner.
You are able to run quickly.
I do not want to stay in the house.
They do not want to work.
We want to drink wine.

23. -que In this stage you have met a new way of saying “and” in Latin:
pueri puellaerque boys and girls
Note that the –que is added to the second word
-que can also be used to link sentences together:
dominus ex equo descendit villamque intravit.
The master got off his horse and went into the house.

24. Practice Varica servos ancillasque inspexit.
Varica inspected the slaves and the slave-girls.
Bregans canisque in ordine stabant.
Bregans and the dog were standing in the line.
Salvius aream intravit Varicamque salutavit.
Salivus entered the courtyard and greeted Varica.