3. Imelda Barrow - CurriculumDiane Conlon – Project Mgr. Bill Moore - Data Claudia Campbell - Technical

4. Rationale The following benchmark was chosen because of the preciseness with which it matched the nature of our topic Our group developed this presentation to provide secondary teachers with excellent electronic resources from which to develop a comprehensive lesson on volcanoes

5. SC.D.1.4.2 - knows that the solid crust of Earth consists of slow- moving, separate plates that float on a denser, molten layer of Earth and that these plates interact with each other, changing the Earth’s surface in many ways (e.g., forming mountain ranges and rift valleys, causing earthquake and volcanic activity, and forming undersea mountains that can become ocean islands).

6. Connections Science – Scientists gain a greater understanding of the forces that shape our earth through their study of the causes and consequences of volcanic activity. Technology – The study of volcanoes has led not only to more accurate prediction of eruptions but also to the use of thermodynamics as an alternate energy source. Improved devices that measure seismic occurrences are also being used to discover new petroleum reserves.

7. More Connections Society – By understanding the nature of volcanoes, scientists are better able to predict possible eruptions, saving human life and property. They are also able to determine the effects these eruptions may have on future weather conditions and changes in climate.

8. Living with Volcanoes Nature of Volcanoes Location of volcanoes Volcanic Eruption Volcanic Hazards –FEMA and Red Cross advice Monitoring volcanoes Risk Management Benefits of Volcanic Activity

9. Nature of Volcanoes WHAT IS A VOLCANO? Mountain/hill built around vent connected to reservoir of molten rock under earth’s surface LOCATIONS OF VOLCANOES Volcanoes of the United States Ring of Fire

10. Principal Types of Volcanoes Cinder Cones Composite Volcanoes Shield Volcanoes Lava Domes Types of volcanoes

11. Volcanic Eruption of Mount St. Helens

12. Volcanic Hazards Pyroclastic Density Currents (pyroclastic flows and surges) Lahars Structural Collapse: Debris flow-Avalanches Dome Collapse and the formation of pyroclastic flows and surges Lava flows Tephra fall and ballistic projectiles Volcanic gas Tsunamis Volcanic Lightning UCSB Geological Sciences - Hazards

13. What to do during an eruption… RUN AWAY, RUN AWAY!!

14. Monitoring Volcanoes to obtain additional scientific knowledge on volcanoes help predict eruptions in an attempt minimize risk to population –USGS SiteUSGS Site –VolcanoWorldVolcanoWorld

15. Managing Risk Prediction and advance notification Pyroclastic Flows Lava flows Tephra falls

16. Volcanoes aren’t all Bad !!! Benefits Fertile Soils Geothermal Energy Mineral Resources Industrial Products Business Opportunities Recreation and Tourism Plus Side of Volcanoes

17. LESSON PLANS VolcanoWorld Lesson Plan Links VolcanoWorld Lesson Plan Links VOLCANOES! Dynamic Earth - Story of Plate Tetonics Dynamic Earth - Story of Plate Tetonics Activities on Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes Activities on Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes

18. ACTIVITIES Volcano Trailhead (Virtual Field Trip) Ask a Geologist Building Volcano Models Volcano Lab Links

19. MAPS Smithsonian's - Ring of Fire Smithsonian's - Ring of Fire Earth's Active Volcanoes Earth's Active Volcanoes Maps of Specific Active Volcanoes Maps of Specific Active Volcanoes Maps from Cascades Volcano Observatory Maps from Cascades Volcano Observatory

20. Other Teacher Resources Glossary of Volcanic Terms Volcano Picture Archives Fantastic Pictures/Hawaiian Volcanoes Great Link Site

21. References Volcano World http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/monitors.html US Geological Survey http://home.earthlink.net/~cralls/guide.html Ring of Fire – This dynamic earth http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/fire.html Mt. St. Helens Eruption – National Geographic January 1981. Vol 159 p 8.

22. THE END!!