1. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk UKOLN is supported by: The Tools of our Trade: AACR2/RDA and MARC Ann Chapman Policy & Advice Team

2. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk What are our Tools? AACR/RDA = content standard for resource description and access MARC = communication and exchange format providing a structure for encoding the content of bibliographic and authority data Related to: ISBD = rules that organise the bibliographic description of an item in a catalogue FRBR = a entity-relational model of the data required to find, identify, select and obtain resources

3. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk ISBDs International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions Developed 1969 onwards by IFLA Defined seven areas of description and their order –Title –Statement of Responsibility –Edition –Resource specific information –Publication details –Physical description –Series information –Notes and standard identifiers

4. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk FRBR Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records IFLA study 1998 Entity-relationship model that defines: –Tasks: find, identify, select, obtain –Resource relationships: work, expression, manifestation, item –Entities: people, corporate bodies –Entities: concepts, objects, events, places

5. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk AACR Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules –A content standard for bibliographic description and access –Bibliographic – not just books Key principles –One principle entry per resource –Catalogue from item in hand –Chief source of information

6. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk AACR timeline 1967 UK and US editions 1978 2 nd unified edition, consistent with ISBDs 1997 Toronto conference on AACR2 1998 FRBR 2005 Develop RDA not AACR3 2009 RDA launch (provisional)

7. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk AACR 2 Part 1: Description –Chapter 1: General rules –Chapters 2 -12: Resource type - specific rules –Chapter 13: Analytic entries Part 2: Headings, Uniform Titles, References –Chapter 21: Choice of access points –Chapters 22 – 26: Construction of access points Appendices –A: Capitalisation, B: Abbreviations, C: Numerals, D: Glossary, E: Initial articles

8. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk Whats wrong with AACR? Increasingly complex Lack of logical structure Mixing content and carrier data Seriality and hierarchical relationships Anglo-American centric viewpoint Written before FRBR Not enough support for collocation Unclear relationship with MARC Format

9. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk RDA – The Aims Rules should be easy to use and interpret Be applicable to an online, networked environment Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of media Encourage use beyond the library community Be compatible with other similar standards Have a logical structure based on internationally agreed principles Separate content and carrier data Examples – more of them, more appropriate

10. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk How is RDA being developed? Joint Steering Committee (JSC) ACOC, ALA, BL, CCC, CILIP, LC Editor: Tom Delsey Task focused working groups –GMD/SMD, Examples Draft – responses – revised drafts – responses/acceptance Final product – the publishers

11. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk RDA Timelime 2005 –Prospectus issued –Draft of chapters relating to description –Content and carrier studies 2006 and 2007 –Further drafts of chapters on description and access –Work on appendices and glossary 2008 –First public view of online product (in August at IFLA conference) 2009 –Launch of online product

12. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk What will RDA look like? - 1 Section 1: Recording manifestation attributes –Ch. 1 General guidelines –Ch. 2 Identifying manifestations and items –Ch. 3 Describing carriers (technical description) –Ch. 4 Providing acquisition and access information (terms of availability, etc.)

13. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk What will RDA look like? - 2 Section 2: Recording attributes of work and expression –Ch. 5 General guidelines (incl. construction of access points for works and expressions) –Ch. 6 Identifying works and expressions (e.g. uniform and collective titles, etc.) –Ch. 7 Describing additional attributes of works and expressions (incl. nature and coverage of content, intended audience, etc.)

14. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk What will RDA look like? - 3 Section 3: Ch. 8, 9, 10, 11 Recording attributes of person, family and corporate body (= name headings) Section 4: Ch. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Recording attributes of concept, object, event and place (= subject headings) Section 5: Ch. 17 Recording primary relationships between work, expression, manifestation and item Section 6: Ch. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 Recording relationships to persons, families and corporate bodies associated with a resource

15. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk What will RDA look like? – 4 Section 7: Ch. 23 Recording subject relationships Section 8: Ch. 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 Recording relationships between works, expressions, manifestations and items Section 9: Ch. 29, 30, 31, 32 Recording relationships between persons, families and corporate bodies Section 10: Ch. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 Recording relationships between concepts, objects, events and places

16. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk What will RDA look like? - 5 Appendices A: Capitalisation B: Abbreviations C: Initial articles D: Record syntaxes for descriptive data E: Record syntaxes for access point control data F: Additional instructions on names of persons G: Titles of nobility, rank, etc. H: Conversion of dates to Gregorian calendar J, K, L, M: Relationship designators Glossary Index

17. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk RDA – What will it be? An online resource, potentially: –Complete text –Concise text –Tailored texts (law, medical, etc.) –Training resource –Incorporated into LMS cataloguing modules Loose-leaf print version(s)

18. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk RDA and beyond RDA aims to be: – Independent of communication formats UNIMARC, MARC, MARCXML, MODS/MADS DC, EAD, ISBD, VRA, MPEG7 –Compatible / better aligned with other similar standards Archives: ISAD(G) Museums: Cataloging Cultural Objects

19. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk RDA and MARC Mapping RDA and MARC 21 –Report issued in Nov. 2006 and discussed at MARBI Midwinter 2007 How will RDA impact on MARC 21? –Are new fields or subfields needed? How will MARC 21 impact on RDA? –Data provisions in MARC 21 not covered in current draft of RDA

20. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk MARC – 1960s –Library of Congress project Database of catalogue records Production of catalogue cards –US & UK versions Reflected differing cataloguing practices Developed in parallel but not identical ways

21. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk MARC – 1970s Variant formats developed Based on either US or UK formats (AUSMARC, DANMARC, KORMARC, etc.) USMARC developed 8 material formats (Books, Serials, Maps, etc.) UNIMARC developed in 1977 by IFLA Intended as exchange format Used as the Bib format in some countries (e.g. France)

22. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk MARC – Recent changes Expansion of USMARC to a family of formats –Bibliographic, Holdings, Authority, Classification, Community Information Integration of USMARC bibliographic format –Previous 8 formats integrated Widespread adoption of MARC 21 –Some countries simply adopt USMARC –1997 – USMARC & CANMARC become MARC 21 –2003/4 – MARC 21 enhanced by UK proposals; British Library adopts MARC 21 –2006/7 – MARC 21 enhanced by German proposals: this will enable libraries to move from MAB to MARC 21

23. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk MARC Structure Leader 0xx – control numbers, coded data 1xx – primary access point 2xx – description, GMD, edition, publication 3xx – physical description 4xx – series 5xx – notes 6xx – subject access points 7xx – additional access points 8xx – series added entries 9xx – local fields

24. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk Maintaining MARC 21 Twice yearly MARBI meetings –Discussion papers –Proposals UK and MARC 21 –BIC Bibliographic Standards Group –lis-ukbibs@jiscmail.ac.uk

25. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk MARC and XML MARC has alpha-numeric 3-digit tags –100.1 Personal Name –245 $a Title $b Subtitle XML has element labels –

26. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk Looking into the crystal ball FRBR –Potential influence on cataloguing systems –Authority records, uniform titles, work records OPACs –Multiple interfaces for different audiences –Enhance for accessibility - supports all users –Links (actual resources, restrictions, supporting or associated resources) RDA –Used outside the library domain

27. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk www.bath.ac.uk Contact details Ann Chapman a.d.chapman@ukoln.ac.uk http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/bib-man/