1. REMSIM Radiation Exposure and Mission Strategies for Interplanetary Manned Missions Susanna Guatelli, 9 th March 2004, Genova, Italy www.ge.infn.it/geant4/space/remsim

2. Context AURORA European programme for the exploration of the Solar System The primary objective of Aurora is to create a European long-term plan for the robotic and human exploration of the solar system, with Mars, the Moon and the asteroids as the most likely targets

3. Problem The radiation hazard to crew is critical to the feasibility of interplanetary manned missions To protect crew: the shielding must be designed the environment must be anticipated and monitored a warning system must be put in place. early study must be made. Because of the strong influence on the mission design and the vehicle/habitat designs, early study must be made.

4. REMSIM Project Geant4 simulation Development of a Geant4 simulation for a preliminary quantitative study of –existing vehicle concepts and habitat designs –radiation exposure of crews therein Collaboration –Geant4 Group, INFN Genova: S. Guatelli, M.G. Pia –Alenia Spazio: –ESA G. Brambati, V. Guarnieri, C. Lobascio, P. Parodi

5. REMSIM objectives Construct a geometrical description of the vehicle, habitat and astronaut to the required detail Evaluation of the physical effects of space radiation in the exposed human body highlighting necessary extensions and improvements to the existing tools A critical analysis of the Geant4 tools currently available for this type of studies, highlighting necessary extensions and improvements to the existing tools A first quantitative analysis of proposed shielding solutions

6. Software Process The application follows a rigorous software process Iterative-incremental method Software Process artifacts User Requirements Document Analysis & Design Implementation Test Project Management - Risk List - Iteration Plan - Project Tracking Summary Configuration & Change Management

7. Solar flare electrons, protons, and heavy ions Jovian electrons Solar flare neutrons and  -rays Solar X-rays Galactic and extra-galactic cosmic rays Induced emission (Neutrinos) Trapped particles Anomalous cosmic rays Analysis of interplanetary space mission Significant radiation -GCR: p, alpha, C, O, Fe ions -SPE (p, alpha) Irrelevant radiation - Jovian electrons -Trapped particles Under study -Solar X-rays -Galactic X-rays and gamma-rays Solar Event electrons

8. Validation Stopping Power for p and alpha CSDA Range for p and alpha Comparison with protocol reference data (Report ICRU 49)

9. Iterations Implementation of the concept of vehicle Optimisation of the application Optimisation of the application (accuracy/performance) GCR analysis Explore Geant4 hadronic models Experimental set-up

10. Future Benchmarks about Geant4 hadronic physics models Analysis of Solar Particle Events Dosimetric analysis in vehicle concepts Study of shieldings

11. Conclusion REMSIM is an exotic dosimetric study REMSIM is a valid application for a critical analysis of the Geant4 tools for interplanetary space manned mission studies REMSIM has got the same problematics of radiotherapic disciplines (i.e. hadrontherapy, dosimetry studies in general) REMSIM brings a valid contribution to the Geant4 medical physics applications