1. Bacterial Classification- A. Need for a classification system B
Bacterial Classification- A.Need for a classification system B. Practicality versus Taxonomy

2. Why is it important to be able to identify bacteria?
What problems might you face in trying to identify bacteria?
What strategies might you use to identify bacteria?

3. Medically Important Bacteria

4. Bacterial Taxonomy-
Inherent Challenges
5 kingdoms versus 3 Domains

5. Fig. 1.14

6. Universal phylogenetic tree
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Bacteria
Mitochondrion
Planctomyces
Rhodocyclus
Synechococcus
Chloroplast
Escherichia
Flavobacterium
Argobacterium
Chlamydia
Desulfovibrio
Flexibacter
Chlorobium
Gloeobacter
Leptonema
Clostridium
Marine low temp
Bacillus
Methanobacterium
Thermococcus
Methanococcus
Heliobacterium
Methanothermus
Thermoplasma
Archaeoglobus
Arthobacter
Methanopyrus
pOPS19
Haloferax
Chloroflexus
Thermus
Thermotoga
Methanospirillum
pOPS66
Marine Gp. 1 low temp
Aquifex
pSL 22
pSL 12
Gp. 1 low temp
EM17
Root
Gp. 2 low temp
Gp. 3 low temp
Pyrodictium
Sulfolobus
pJP 27
pJP 78
pSL 50
Thermofilum
Thermoproteus
Archaea
Coprinus
(mushroom)
Homo
Zea (corn)
Cryptomonas
Achlya
Costaria
Porphyra
Paramecium
Babesia
Giardia
Dictyostelium
Entamoeba
Physarum
Naegleria
Trichomonas
Euglena
Trypanosoma
Eukarya
Encephalitozoon
Vainmorpha

8. The History and Evolution of Bergey’s Manual
1. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology ( )
9 Editions (1 volume each )-These are mainly phenetic
2. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology:
1s t edition (4volumes); ; Mix Phylogenetic/Phenetic-5 Kingdoms 
2nd Edition (5 volumes) ( );Phylogenetic-3 Domains

9. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
First edition-1923 (one volume)
Seventh edition-1957 (one volume)
8th edition-1975 (one volume)
9th edition-1994 (one volume)

10. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology-
First edition -Published in 4 volumes:
Volume 1 (1984) -Gram-negative Bacteria of general, medical, or industrial importance
Volume 2 (1986) -Gram-positive Bacteria other than Actinomycetes
Volume 3 (1989) -Archaeobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and remaining Gram-negative Bacteria
Volume 4 (1989) -Actinomycetes

13. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
Second Edition-published in 5 volumes:
Vol 1-(2001) The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria
Vol 2-(2005)-The Proteobacteria
Vol 3-(2009)- The Firmicutes
Vol 4-(2011)- The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes
Vol 5-(2012)- The Actinobacteria

14. Bergey’s Overview Volume 1-Domain Archae

15. Archaea: The Other Prokaryotes
Constitute third Domain Archaea
More closely related to Eukarya than to Bacteria
Contain unique genetic sequences in their rRNA
Have unique membrane lipids and cell walls

16. Extreme halophiles

17. Hot springs, home of thermophiles

18. Bergey’s Overview Volume 1 Domain Bacteria

19. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
Gram-negative cell walls
Extensive thylakoids with photosynthetic chlorophyll pigments and gas inclusions
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20 microns
(a)
(a2)
(a3)
Stromatolite
10 mm
(b)
(c)
Thylakoid
membranes
(d)

20. Green Sulfur Bacteria Photosynthetic
Contain photosynthetic pigment bacteriochlorophyll
Do not give off oxygen as a product of photosynthesis

21. Bergey’s Overview Volume 2

22. Plague bacteria

23. bubos

24. Volume 2-Domain Bacteria-Rickettsia
Obligate intracellular parasites
Rickettsias
Very tiny, gram-negative bacteria
Most are pathogens
Obligate intracellular pathogens
Cannot survive or multiply outside of a host cell
Rickettsia rickettisii – Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Rickettsial cells
Nucleus
Baca and Paretsky, Microbiological Reviews, 47(20);133, fig. 16, June 1983 © ASM
Vacuole

25. Rickettsia life cycle

26. Bergey’s Overview Volume 3

27. Clostridial myonecrosis (gas gangrene)

28. Pleomorphic Mycoplasms
500 nm

29. Genus Bacillus

30. Genus Staphylococcus

31. Staph infections

32. Strep throat

33. Strep infection complications

34. Necrotizing fasciatus

35. Bergey’s Overview Volume 4

36. Tuberculosis

37. TB test

38. leprosy

39. leprosy

40. Bergey’s Overview Volume 5

41. Fig a

42. Chalymidial eye infection

43. Syphilis bacterium

44. Syphilis shankars

45. Secondary syphilis

46. Tertiary syphilis

48. Taxonomy-What do I need to know for the Exam?
Bergeys Systematic Ed 1-Name of 4 Divisions in Kingdom Monera (and criterion for those Divisions)
Bergeys Systematic 2nd Ed.
Names of the 5 volumes and Domains included.
Number of phyla and classes in each of the volumes
For representative organisms discussed: name of the organism.Volume, Phylum and class/genus (if applicable)