2.  Religious Holy Places: Jerusalem  Jewish Presence:  Temples of Solomon (Temple Mount)  1 st – King Solomon  2 nd – Built at the same location  Western Wall (Wailing Wall)  Only remaining portion of the 2 nd Temple  Temple was destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D.

3.  Religious Holy Places: Jerusalem  Christian Heritage  Mount of Olives  Last Suffering  Crucifixion  Church of the Holy Sepulcher  Burial Place  Crusades  Wars to regain control of the Holy Land

4.  Religious Holy Places: Jerusalem  Islamic Sacred Sites  Dome of the Rock  Muslims: Where Mohammad rose into Heaven  Jews: Where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac

5.  Early Civilizations  Mesopotamia (Land Between Two Rivers)  Sumer - First civilization to practice intensive, year-round agriculture  Babylonia - Hammurabi's Code, first written Code of Laws  Assyria - First form of formal writing used  Chaldea - T he sun dial, the 7 day week and the science of astronomy

6.  Outside of Mesopotamia  Hittites  Turkey  Introduced the use of iron weapons  First to create an alliance with another empire (Egypt)  Persia  Iran  Innovation in government organization  System of collecting taxes  Splitting the huge empire into separate states called satrapies

7.  Dividing the Moon  Islam splits after the death of Mohammad  Sunni – 83% of all Muslims  Arabian Peninsula & Turkey  Allowed up to 4 wife's  Succession:  Shi’it (Shia) – 17% of all Muslims  Mostly in Iran  Allowed only 1 wife  Succession:

8.  Shahada  Salaah  Sawm  Zahaat  Haji

9.  World War I & Treaty of Versailles  Divided the Ottoman Empire  British – Southern section (Jordan & Palestine)  French – Northern section (Syria & Lebanon)  Creating the State of Israel  Zionism  Create a Jewish state in Palestine  Before WWI 12% were Jewish  Britain allowed uncheck immigration of Jews  1939 Britain halted immigration

10.  Creating the State of Israel  WWII  Thousand of Holocaust survivors wanted to settle in Palestine.  World opinion: Create of Jewish nation-state.  Israel was created in 1948 by the United Nations.  Surrounding Arabs nations invaded Israel.  Hostilities continue today  PLO – Palestine Liberation Organization (regain occupied land for the Palestinian Arabs)