1. 1 Kazuhiro Yamamoto Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) the University of Tokyo ELiTES: 2 nd general meeting Delegation of the European Union to Japan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 4 December 2013 Overview of KAGRA cryogenic payload development

2. 2 Contribution R. Takahashi, K. Ono, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Sakakibara, C. Tokoku, M. Kamiizumi, U. Iwasaki, E. Hirose, A. Khalaidovski, R. Kumar, T. Uchiyama, S. Miyoki, M. Ohashi, K. Kuroda, T. Akutsu A, H. Ishizaki A, F. E. Peña Arellano A, T. Suzuki B, N. Kimura B, S. Koike B, T. Kume B, K. Tsubono C, Y. Aso C, T. Ushiba C, K. Shibata C, D. Chen D, N. Ohmae E, K. Somiya F, R. DeSalvo G, E. Majorana H, L. Naticchioni H, W. Johnson I, A. Cumming J, R. Douglas J, K. Haughian J, I. Martin J, P. Murray J, G.D. Hammond J, S. Rowan J, G. Hofmann K, C. Schwarz K, D. Heinert K, R. Nawrodt K, S. Goto L, M. Tanaka L, S. Ioka M, K. Nakamoto M, H. Nezuka M, KAGRA collaboration ICRR.UT, NAOJ A, KEK B, Phys.S.UT C, Astro.S.UT D, E.UT E,S.TIT F, Sannio Univ. G, INFN H, Louisiana State Univ. I, University of Glasgow J, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena K, Jecc Torisha L, Toshiba Keihin Product Operations M, KAGRA collaboration

3. 3 0. Abstract I will explain development of KAGRA cryogenic payload in this year. I introduce activities related with ELiTES.

4. 4 Contents 1.Introduction 2.Development in 2013 3. ELiTES activities 4. Idea for future 5. Summary

5. 55 1. Introduction 555 3km Mozumi Y-end Sakonishi X-end Atotsu Center Vibration isolation system, Cryocooler unit, Cryostat, Cryogenic payload Schematic view of KAGRA interferometer (Raffalel Flaminio’s talk) Four mirrors of arm cavity will be cooled. Kamioka mine (Underground site)

6. 66 1. Introduction 66666 Cryogenic mirror Cryostat Vibration Isolation Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat 14 m

7. 77 1. Introduction 77777 Cryogenic mirror Cryostat Vibration Isolation Takanori Sekiguchi reports his simulation for this full system (vibration isolation + cryo payload) tomorrow.

8. 8 to SAS View ports Remote valve unit 4 Low vibration cryocooler unit Main LASER beam Cryostat Stainless steel t20mm Diameter 2.6m Height ~3.6m M ~ 10 ton Cryo-coolers Pulse tube, 60Hz 0.9 W at 4K (2nd) 36 W at 50K (1st) Outline of cryostat Cryogenic payload Mirror 1. Introduction S. Koike

9. Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat 99999 Pulse tube cryocoolers Heat link (pure Al or Cu) Sapphire mirror (About 20K) Heat link (pure Al or Cu) Sapphire fiber 1. Introduction

10. 10 2 Pulse tube cryocoolers Pulse tube cryocoolers Cryoduct with baffles (to absorb 300 K radiation) Outer shield (80K) Inner shield (8K) Vacuum chamber (300K)

11. Yusuke Sakakibara will report details tomorrow. He investigate how much 300K radiation is trasfered, scattered light, and vibration of duct shield. His experiment proves that duct shield reduces propagation of radiation sufficiently. 2. Development in 2013 Duct shield 11

12. KAGRA cryostats have already been assembled ! at Toshiba Keihin Product Operations 12 2. Development in 2013

13. 13 Vibration of shield could be problems. Vibration via heat links, Scattered light We must measure the vibration of shield. This measurement is at cryogenic temperature and in vacuum. Luca Naticchioni, Maurizio Perci, Ettore Majorana (Rome, ELiTES) and Dan Chen (ICRR) measured vertical and horizontal vibration of radiation shield of KAGRA, respectively. Dan Chen presents details tomorrow. Measurement of shield vibration One of experiments in KAGRA cryostat 2. Development in 2013

14. 14 Measurement of shield vibration Dan Chen (horizontal motion) Analysis for sensitivity is in progress. After cooling down 10K 2. Development in 2013

15. 15 Measurement of shield vibration Luca Naticchioni (vertical motion) Analysis for sensitivity is in progress. After cooling down 10K 2. Development in 2013

16. 16 Measurement of shield vibration Vertical vibration is an issue (Dan Chen presentaion). Eric Hennes explains the vertical vibration isolation at cryogenic temperature tomorrow. After cooling down 10K 2. Development in 2013

17. 17 Sapphire monolithic suspension Sapphire mirror is suspended by sapphire fibers. Key component of KAGRA Alexandr Khalaidovski reports tomorrow. We need (a)Drilled sapphire mirror (b)Sapphire fibers with nail heads (c)Bonding between bulk and fibers 2. Development in 2013

18. 18 Drilled sapphire bulk We ordered Shinkosha (test sample). KAGRA mirrors : 220 mm in diameter 2. Development in 2013

19. 19 Drilled sapphire bulk We ordered Shinkosha (test sample). It was delivered on the 1 st of October. Second sample is being made. 2. Development in 2013

20. 20 Measurement of coating mechanical loss at cryogenic temperature Kieran Craig (Glasgow, ELiTES) 20 Sapphire disk Experimental apparatus in cryostat of ICRR 2. Development in 2013

21. 21 Test sample (T. Uchiyama) Sapphire fibers with nail heads are necessary to suspend mirrors. 2. Development in 2013

22. 22 MolTech GmbH (Germany) and IMPEX HighTech GmbH (Germany) have already delivered ! Sapphire fibers with nail heads Although the size is similar to that of KAGRA, quality check is necessary. 2. Development in 2013

23. 23 Sapphire fibers with nail heads Quality check under collaboration with ELiTES Q-value Measurement in Glasgow, Jena, Rome and Tokyo Thermal conductivity Measurement in Jena, Rome and Tokyo Strength Measurement in Glasgow (Giles Hammond reports tomorrow) 2. Development in 2013

24. 24 Moltech IMPEX KAGRA requirement Q-value 10 7 1*10 6 5*10 6 at 20K - 6*10 6 Thermal Conductivity 3000 5000 5000 at 20K [W/m/K] -6000 Although IMPEX fiber satisfies requirement (D. Chen report his result in Rome tomorrow), further investigation is necessary (polish of nail head surface …). Sapphire fibers with nail heads 2. Development in 2013

25. 25 Apparatus to measure Q-values and thermal conductivity in cryostat at Tokyo from Jena (ELiTES) (C. Schwarz, G. Hofmann, R. Nawrodt, J. Komma) These apparatus are also used to investigate wires for other masses and sapphire bonding. 2. Development in 2013

26. 26 2. Development in 2013 Blade spring : Compensation for length difference of sapphire fibers Bending strength test in Glasgow (Giles Hammond Reports tomorrow) Research for ET in NIKHEF (Alessandro Bertolini reports tomorrow)

27. 27 Bonding between sapphire fibers and sapphire mirror Investigation of Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding is in progress in Glasgow. (Rebecca Douglas, GWADW2013). Tensile strength (about 60 MPa) measured by her is 10 times larger than those of previous papers. T. Suzuki et al., Journal of Physics; Conference Series 32(2006)309. A. Dari et al., Classical and Quantum Gravity 27(2010)045010. 2. Development in 2013

28. 28 Bonding between sapphire fibers and sapphire mirror Rebecca Douglas and Karen Haughian (Glasgow, ELiTES) stay in Japan. They proceed with measurement of shear strength, thermal resistance. They kindly teach us the details about how to make boding. Rebecca will explain details tomorrow. 2. Development in 2013

29. 29 Bonding between sapphire fibers and sapphire mirror Other kinds of bonding : Indium ? (If fibers are broken, they can be replaced) Gerald Bergmann and Manuela Hanke (Hannover, ELiTES) are investigating. 2. Development in 2013

30. 30 Control system for position and angle Gerald Bergmann and Manuela Hanke (Hannover, ELiTES) are investigating for cryogenic payload. Joris Van Heijningen, Kazuhiro Agatsuma (NIKHEF, ELiTES) They will report control sensors for iKAGRA (room temperature) tomorrow. 2. Development in 2013

31. 31 Many guests from Sannio (ELiTES) Coating Adele Fusco, Innovenzo Pinto Innocenzo reports nm layer coating for future tomorrow. Cryogenic experiment Silvio Savoia, Massimo Moccia, Francesco Picariello Ponderomotive squeezing experiment (for future) Dario Castellano Environmental sensors Pasquale Daponte, Sergio Rapuano 2. Development in 2013

32. 32 ELiTES: ET-LCGT interferometric Telescope Exchange of Scientists Grant for collaboration about cryogenic between KAGRA and ET European 7th Framework Programme Marie Curie action (Mar. 2012 - Feb. 2016) European people can visit Japan for KAGRA. 3. ELiTES activities

33. 33 3. ELiTES activities 33 A total of 25 visitors supported by ELiTES in 2013 Note : Short stay for meeting is not counted. Germany (A total of 8 persons) Jena (A total of 6 persons) Christian Schwarz, Julius Komma, Gerd Hofmann (at twice), Ronny Nawrodt (at twice) Hannover (2 persons) Gerald Bergmann, Manuela Hanke

34. 34 3. ELiTES activities 34 A total of 25 visitors supported by ELiTES in 2013 Netherlands (2 persons) NIKHEF (2 persons) Joris Van Heijningen, Kazuhiro Agatsuma United Kingdom (3 persons) Glasgow (3 persons) Kieran Craig, Rebecca Douglas, Karen Haughian

35. 35 A total of 25 visitors supported by ELiTES in 2013 Italy (A total of 12 persons) Rome (3 persons) Luca Naticchioni, Maurizio Perci, Ettore Majorana Sannio (A total of 9 persons) Silvio Savoia, Massimo Moccia, Adele Fusco, Francesco Picariello, Dario Castellano, Pasquale Daponte, Sergio Rapuano, Innocenzo Pinto (at twice) 3. ELiTES activities

36. 36 3. ELiTES activities 36 ELiTES stimulates Japanese graduate students to visit Europe. Yusuke Sakakibara (October 2012 – December 2012) Investigation for coating and sapphire fibers (Glasgow and Jena) Takanori Sekiguchi (January 2013 – March 2013) Investigation for vibration isolation (NIKHEF) Dan Chen (September 2013 – October 2013) Investigation for sapphire fiber (Rome)

37. 37 4. Idea for future 37 Kazuhiro Yamamoto’s naive idea for ELiTES visitors in the next year (only cryo payload) Sapphire monolithic suspension Key element of KAGRA : Design, Assembly, Bonding, Mechanical loss measurement … Vertical isolation at cryogenic temperature It is also a key component. Maybe, my idea is wrong or situation could be changed ….

38. 38 4. Idea for future 38 Kazuhiro Yamamoto’s naive idea for ELiTES visitors in the next year (only cryo payload) Control and adjustment system (not only cryogenic but also room temperature) Cryogenic experiments for components Measurement of Q-value, thermal resistance, emissivity..

39. 39 4. Idea for future 39 New groups could join. LMA and INFN Pisa are considering. Gianpietro Cagnoli will explain coating tomorrow.

40. 40 5. Summary Development of KAGRA cryogenic payload is in progress. ELiTES supports this developement strongly (A total of 25 visitors in 2013). Kazuhiro Yamamoto shows his naive idea for ELiTES visitor in the next year. Proposal and disucssion for this topic are welcomed ! This meeting is a great chance. Tomorrow, young reserachers will report details. Please never miss their presentaions !

41. 41 Thank you for your attention !

42. 42 Some items for future research (not perfect list) (a)Investigation material properties (Q, thermal conductivity, strength etc.) of coating, fiber and so on. (b)Sapphire bonding, Sapphire fiber clamp (c)Control and damping scheme Actuators and sensors at cryogenic temperature (d) Mechanical and thermal simulation for payload (e) Vertical spring in cryostat (f) Reduction of initial cooling time Thermal resistance of clamp.... (g) Baffles for scattered light in radiation shield (h) Assembly procedure 7. For future

43. 43 4. Human resources 43 3 fresh persons from Europe Dr. Aleksandr Khalaidovski from Hannover, June 2013-May 2014 Sapphire monolithic suspension (Dr. Fabián Erasmo Peña Arellano from Birmingham, May 2013 – April 2016 Cryogenic sensor) Dr. Rahul Kumar from Glasgow, September 2013 – August 2014 Simulation and development of payload

44. 44 2. Issues (1)How to assemble Details of construction, clean room …. (2)Strength Tensile strength, development of clamp, sapphire bonding … (3)Control and damping system to reduce fluctuation and instability Actuators (what and where), resonant mode (frequency and Q) and so on

45. 45 2. Issues (4)Cooling Temperature of mirror (below 20 K), initial cooling time, heat resistance of clamp … (5)Noise Thermal noise, vibration via vibration isolation system and heat links …