1. VERB TENSES Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
University of Riau
2010

2. REVIEW :
NOUN
ADVERB
ADJECTIVES
PREPOSITIONS
VERB
ARTICLES

3. What is Tense?
When we are talking about the English language, tense is all about time.
Tense is used to show the relation between the action or state described by the verb and the time, which is reflected in the form of the verb.

5. FUTURE PAST NOW We deliver the goods now
We delivered the goods last month
We shall deliver the goods next month

7. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

8. Use 1 USE 1: Repeated Actions
Use the Present Simple to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.

9. I go to school everyday (habit);
He usually eats an egg for breakfast (habbit);
He drinks tea at breakfast
They watch television regularly .

10. Adverb of Frequency/Time:
Sometimes
Often
Everyday
Seldom
Once a week
Usually
Never
Every Morning
Once in a while
Always

11. USE 2: Facts or Generalizations
The Present Simple can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.
examples: Snow falls in the December in Minnesota Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius

12. USE 3: to give instructions or directions
You walk for two hundred metres, then you turn left.
You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.
Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.

13. USE 4: to express fixed arrangements, present or future:
-Your exam starts at 09:00.
-The bell rings at 8:00.
The bus arrives at 7:00

14. - He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday
USE 5: to express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until:
- He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday
 - Our holiday starts on the 26th March.
- She'll see you before she leaves.

15. Pattern: Kalimat Verbal: I/We/You/They + Infinitive
He/She/It + Infinitive +s/es
Kalimat Non Verbal
Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Object

16. Pattern
(+) S + V1 (-s/-ss)
e.g. She works every day
I take a bus to go to school
(-) S + do/does + not + V1
e.g. She does not work every day
I do not take a bus to go to school
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 ?
e.g. Does she work every day?
Do I take a bus to go to school?

17. Subject + (Verb) + (s, es) + Object
- I tennis.
- She play tennis.
The train every morning at 8 am. - The train leave at 9 am.
She goes to work everyday
They always eat lunch together
play
does not
leaves
does not

18. Grammatical View he, she, it s s s
Present Simple, third person singular
Note:
he, she, it s A:
in the third person singular the verb,
always ends in : s s
she need
he want

19. es sh ss x o ch es es es es es he fix it push he pass she catch He goB.
Add
to verbs ending in: ss x sh es es
he fix
it push
he pass es o ch
she catch es
He go es

20. ies y y fly fl cry cr Exception: y play play s s ies ies pray pray C:
Verbs ending in
;the third person changes the to
fly fl
ies
cry cr
ies
Exception: y
If there is a vowel before the :
play
play s s
pray
pray

21. Negative and question forms use DOES (=the third person of the auxiliary'DO') + the infinitive of the verb. He wants. Does he want? He does not want.

22. Examples:
1.Third person singular with s or es a. He goes to school every morning. b. She understands English. c. It mixes the sand and the water. d. He tries very hard. e. She enjoys playing the piano.

23. 2. Present Simple, form:
Example: to think, present simple
Affirmative
Interrogative
Negative
I think
? Do I think
. I do not think
You think
? Do you think
. You don't think
he, she, it think(s)
? Does he, she, it think
. He, she, it doesn't think
We think
? Do we think
. We don't think

24. They go to school every morning They do not go to school every morning Do they go to school every morning How do they go to schol every morning? Do not they go to school every morning? Why do not they go to school every morning? He goes to school every morning He does not go to school every morning Does he go to school every morning How does he go to school every morning? Does not he go to school every morning? Why does not he go to school every morning? He is lazy Budi and Andi are not lazy Is not he lazy? Are they lazy?

25. Customs- True/False _____ People in Thailand always takes their
shoes off before entering a house.
_____ A woman usually covers her face in
Saudi Arabia.
_____ In the U.S., a student don’t stand
up when a teacher enters the room.

26. Put verbs into Present Simple.
1. They ………[swim] every evening.
2. Nancy ………[fly] to London every year.
3. The sun …………[rise] in the east and
………. [set] in the west.
4. I ……..[go] to the park on Sundays.
5. They ………[be] good police.
6. There ……[be] some water in this jug.

27. Put verbs into Present Simple.
7. My parents always……[drive] to Pekanbaru.
8. Their father often ……..[fix] his car.
9. Mother …….[fry] fish today.
10. Sue and I …….[do] projects every night.
11. I …….[be] a good student.
12. That baby always …..[cry] at night.

28. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

29. The Present Progressive
This tense is used to describe an action that is occurring right now (at this moment, today, this year, etc.). The action has begun and is still in progress.
She is typing a paper for her class.
He can’t talk. He is fixing the sink right now.
They are studying English now

30. The Present Progressive
The present progressive can also be used to describe an action that is occurring in the present, but is temporary.
John is living in Modesto, but he might move soon.
She is reading now but she will write soon

31. Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Present Participle (Ing-Form)
Pattern:
Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Present Participle (Ing-Form)
Time Markers :
Now
At the moment
At present
This time

32. Note: We may note use these verb to indicate present continuous tense:
They are studying english now
They are not studying english now
Are they studying english now?
Where are they studying english now?
Are not they studying english now?
(+)Ali and Andy are playing badminton now
(-)Ali and Andy are not playing badminton now
(?)Are Ali and Andy playing badminton now?
Note: We may note use these verb to indicate present continuous tense:
Know
Understand
Have
Believe
Hate
Need
Hear
Love
Appear
See
Like
Seem
Smell
Want
Taste
Wish
Sound
Own
The wrong usage:
X : we are understanding now
X: They are having a car now
X: I am liking you now

33. Note: We may note use these verb to indicate present continuous tense:
Verbs of emotion ; like, dislike, refuse, want
Verbs of senses ; feel, hear, see, smell
Verbs of thought or opinion ; believe, expect, forget, know, prefer, realize, think
Verbs of posession ; own, belong, owe

35. Example:

36. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

37. He has lived in Pekanbaru for two years.
The Present Perfect
The present perfect is used to talk about an event that began in the past and continues up to the present.
He has lived in Pekanbaru for two years.
(He began living in Pekanbaru two years ago and he still lives there.)

38. I have seen that movie before. He has already visited Vietnam.
The Present Perfect
The present perfect is also used to talk about an event that was completed in the past, but the specific time of the event is not important.
I have seen that movie before.
He has already visited Vietnam.
(Specific dates and times are not mentioned.)

39. What do you need the Present Perfect for ?
to tell what you have done recently/ lately.
to tell what you have just or already done.
to tell what you have never/ ever done.
to tell what you have done so far/ up to now.
to tell what you have done today/ this week/ this month/ this year.

40. Pattern: Kalimat Nominal Subject + has/have + been + complement
ex; He has been in Surabaya before
He has not been in Surabaya before
Has he been in Surabaya before?
Kalimat Verbal
Subject + has/have + V3 + Object/Complement

41. How can you form the Present Perfect?

42. Time marker: - Since ..... : since last week, since 1912
- For : for three months, for two days
- Already , Just, not yet, three times, so far
- Up to present time
- Recently

43. Why don’t you try some exercises?

44. Choose the correct answer.
Peter never watched „Si Bolang”.
A) had
B) have
C) has
D) none of these
Peter has never watched „Si Bolang”.
Congratulations!

45. How about this? None of these Lidka hasn’t ........to Majorka yet.
A) had
B) seen
C) drove
D) none of these
None of these
Lidka hasn’t been to Majorka .
Precisely!

46. Try the next question. ....you ever smoked? Have you ever smoked?
A) has
B) do
C) have
D) none of these
Have you ever smoked?
Good!

47. Choose the correct answer again.
She hasn’t the dinner already.
A) cooks
B) cooked
C) make
D) none of these
She hasn’t cooked the dinner already
Very well!

48. Can you do this one ? None of these He hasn’t ........ a shower today.
A) take
B) took
C) taked
D) none of these
None of these
He hasn’t taken a shower today.
Well done!

49. Try this one ! ...........Joan ever...........a shark?
A) has J. eat
B) does J. eaten
C) has J. eaten
D) none of these
Has Joan ever eaten a shark?
Not bad! Keep on trying

50. Choose the correct answer.
Have you ever lost your head ?
Right again!
you ever your head ?
A) have lost
B) do lose
C) did lose
D) none of these

51. Choose the best answer again !
Tom and Arthur haven’t bought a dog so far.
Excellent!
Tom and Arthur a dog so far.
A) don’t buy
B) hasn’t bought
C) haven’t bought
D) didn’t buy

52. What’s the right answer now?
Peter and Mat abroad before?
Has been
Have seen
Have been
None of these
Have Peter and Mat been abroad before ?
You are absolutely right !

53. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

54. Present Perfect Progressive
This tense is used to describe the duration of an action that began in the past and continues into the present.
He has been studying grammar for an hour.
She has been cooking all day.
(He is still studying and she is still cooking.)

55. Present Perfect Progressive
This tense is also used to describe events that have been in progress recently and are rather temporary.
She has been living in Taiwan for the last two months, but she plans to move soon.

56. Pattern: I/We/You/They + Have + Been + Present Participle
He/She/It + Has + Been + Present Participle
Example:
We have been learning english for ten years
The baby has been sleeping for two hours
They have been sleeping since eight o’clock

57. Time marker: Since .....: since I was a child, since five years ago
For : for three years, for the last five years

58. EXERCISES Present perfect simple. Present perfect continuous.
Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous.

59. Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple).
Since classes began, I (have, not)_____ much free time. I (have)____ several big tests to study for.
The science of medicine (advance)______ a great deal in the 19th century.
We (have)_____ three major snowstorms so far this winter. I wonder how many more we will have.
I (write)______ them three times, but I haven’t received a reply.
The telephone (ring)_________ four times in the last hours, and each time it has been for my office mate.
A: What are you going to order for dinner?
B: Well, I (have, never)________ vegeterian pizza, so I think I’ll order that.
Bill (be)_________ here since 22nd.
So far this week, I (have)_________ two tests and a quiz.
Alex is an artist. He (draw)______ many beautiful pictures in his lifetime.
Fatima (see, never)_________ snow in her entire lifetime.

60. Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).
He (work)___________ in this company since 1985.
I (wait)_____ for you since two o'clock.
Mary (live)_________ in Germany since 1992.
Why is he so tired? He (play)_____ tennis for five hours.
How long (learn / you)______ English?
We (look for)_______ the motorway for more than an hour.
I (live)____________ without electricity for two weeks.
The film (run / not)_________ for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already.
How long (work / she)_________ in the garden?
She (not / be)_________ in the garden for more than an hour.

61. Put the verbs into the correct tense
Put the verbs into the correct tense. (present perfect simple or present perfect progressive)
I (play)_________ football for five years.
My team (win / only)_________ two matches so far.
The others (be / always)________ better.
Are we not there yet? We (walk)________ for hours.
But we (cover / only)__________ an area of five miles so far.
I (finish/just)_______ my homework.
I (work)________ on this essay since two o'clock.
Jane (go out)______ with Bob for seven years.
Martin (date)________ three girls this week.
How long (wait / you)_________ for us?

62. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

63. The Simple Past
We use the simple past to indicate exactly when an action or event took place in the past.
I visited my sister yesterday.
We went out to dinner last night.

64. The Simple Past
The simple past is used to describe actions and/or events that are now completed and no longer true in the present.
I attended MJC in (I no longer attend MJC.)
I saw a movie every weekend when I was a teenager. (I don’t see movies very much anymore.)

65. You form the simple past of a verb by adding -ed onto the end of a regular verb but, irregular verb forms have to be learned.

67. To be Statements +
To be Statements -
Questions ?
I was.
I wasn't.
Was I?
He was.
He wasn't.
Was he?
She was.
She wasn't.
Was she?
It was.
It wasn't.
Was it?
You were.
You weren't.
Were you?
We were.
We weren't.
Were we?
They were.
They weren't.
Were they?

68. Regular Verb (to work) Statements +
Questions
Short answer +
Short answer -
I worked.
I didn't work.
Did I work?
Yes, I did.
No, I didn't.
He worked.
He didn't work.
Did he work?
Yes, he did.
No, he didn't.
She worked.
She didn't work.
Did she work?
Yes, she did.
No, she didn't.
It worked.
It didn't work.
Did it work?
Yes, it did.
No, it didn't.
You worked.
You didn't work.
Did you work?
Yes you did.
No, you didn't.
We worked.
We didn't work.
Did we work?
Yes we did.
No, we didn't.
They worked.
They didn't work.
Did they work?
Yes they did.
No, they didn't.

69. Simple past timeline
For example:
"Last year I took my exams."
"I got married in 1992."

70. It can be used to describe events that happened over a period of time in the past but not now.
For example:
"I lived in South Africa for two years."
The simple past tense is also used to talk about habitual or repeated actions that took place in the past.
"When I was a child we always went to the seaside on bank holidays."

71. Pre-Test (Affirmative Sentences)
Select the best answer.
__ 1. My family and I ___ in Mexico last summer.
(A) were (B) are (C) was
__ 2. The office door ___ closed this morning.
(A) is (B) were (C) was
__ 3. Teresa ___ absent to work yesterday.
(A) is (B) was (C) were
__ 4. We ___ very tired after our long walk in the country.
(A) are (B) was (C) were
__ 5. Pedro and Susan ___ at the cinema last night.
(A) was (B) were (C) are

72. Pre-Test (Negative Sentences)
__ 6. The weather ___ pleasant yesterday. It was raining all day.
(A) wasn’t (B) isn’t (C) weren’t
__ 7. You ___ at the meeting this morning. What happened?
(A) aren’t (B) weren’t (C) wasn’t
__ 8. Endangered animals ___ as important many years ago as
they are today.
(A) wasn’t (B) aren’t (C) weren’t
__ 9. communication ___ common ten years ago.
(A) aren’t (B) weren’t (C) wasn’t
__10. I ___ at home this past weekend. I was visiting my family.
(A) am not (B) wasn’t (C) weren’t

73. Pre-Test (Yes/No Questions)
__ 11. ___ Kenneth sick two days ago?
(A) Is (B) Were (C) Was
__ 12. ___ Alex and Joseph on a basketball team last year?
(A) Were (B) Are (C) Was
__ 13. ___ your car at the mechanic last week?
(A) Was (B) Is (C) Were
__ 14. ___ the Taíno Indians intelligent and hardworking?
(A) Was (B) Were (C) Are
__ 15. ___you born in the United States?
(A) Are (B) Was (C) Were

74. Pre-Test (Information Questions)
__ 16. Why ___ the policemen at your house last night?
(A) was (B) are (C) were
__ 17. When ___ your grandfather in the US Army?
(A) were (B) was (C) is
__ 18. Where ___ the boys last weekend?
(A) are (B) were (C) was
__ 19. Who ___ Martin Luther King, Jr.?
(A) was (B) is (C) were
__ 20. What ___ your favorite game when you were a child?
(A) is (B) were (C) was

75. Pre-Test Answer Key 1. A 11. C 2. C 12. A 3. B 13. A 4. C 14. B
5. B C
6. A C
7. B B
8. C B
9. C A
10. B C

76. Verb To BE Past Tense The Verb To BE is used to express:
state of being→ ( I was an excellent student in high school.)
location → ( We were in Costa Rica last summer.)
feelings → ( The child was sad when he lost his toy.)
descriptions → ( The flowers were fresh and vivid a week ago.)
health → ( Danny was sick with the flu last month.)
conditions → ( The buildings were modern, now they are old.)
weather → ( Yesterday was a windy day.)
time → ( It was 3:00 AM when the party ended.)
nationality → ( Celia Cruz was a great Cuban singer.)
colors → ( My hair was blonde when I was a child.)
sizes → ( Ten years ago, I was size 10, now I’m size 16.)
dates → ( Puerto Rico was discovered on November 19,1493.)
moods → ( Laura was angry when her friends played a trick on her.)
prices → ( Lands and houses were less expensive ten years ago.)
etc…

77. was were Verb To BE Past Tense The Verb To BE has two forms in
the Past Tense:
was
were

78. Verb To BE Past Tense Time Expressions
this morning
yesterday ► morning
► afternoon
► evening
► night
the day before yesterday
► last night
► last Monday…
► last week
► last weekend
► last month
► last May
► last year
► last semester
► last summer

79. Verb To BE Past Tense Time Expressions
► five seconds ago
► ten minutes ago
► two hours ago
► two days ago
► four weeks ago
► two weekends ago
► one month ago
► two summers ago
► a few years ago
► many years ago
► five years ago
► a little while ago
► in 1990…

80. Affirmative Sentences
More Examples:
1. Mary was nine years old when she moved to the USA.
2. We were at the airport yesterday morning.
3. Last summer, Fred and Gina were in Italy.
4. The concert was cancelled because of bad weather.
5. The phone was busy when I called you last night.
6. The children were sick last week.
7. I was very shy when I was a teenager.
8. Record players were popular thirty years ago.
9. My dog was trained to protect the house.
10. Years ago, carbon and wood were used for cooking.

81. Negative Sentences More Examples:
1. Mary was not nine years old when she moved to the USA,
she was five.
2. We were not at the airport yesterday morning.
3. Last Summer, Fred and Gina were not in Italy.
4. The concert was not cancelled because of bad weather.
5. The phone was not in service when I called you last night.
6. The children were not sick last week.
7. I was not very talkative when I was a teenager.
8. CD players were not popular thirty years ago.
9. My dog was not trained to save lives.
10. Years ago, stoves were not used for cooking because they
weren’t invented.

82. Verb To BE Contractions in the Past Tense
Contractions: A contraction is the combination
of two words into one. In contractions, letters are
replaced with an apostrophe (’).

83. Verb To BE Contractions in the Past Tense
Important:
You cannot make contractions in
Affirmative Sentences in the Past Tense,
but you can make contractions in Negative
Sentences.

84. Language Notes We cannot make a contraction with the
subject pronoun was or were.
Examples:
No Contraction→ He was at the Mall yesterday.
No Contraction→ They were silent during class.
We cannot make a contraction with
there + was or there + were.
No Contraction→ There was a fire in the store last month.
No Contraction→ There were two great movies on TV last night.

85. Language Notes Examples: (1) I was not a hyperactive child. (was not)
We can make a contraction with the negative form
of was and were.
Examples:
(1) I was not a hyperactive child. (was not)
I wasn’t a hyperactive child. (contraction→ wasn’t)
(2) We were not nervous at the job interview. (were not)
We weren’t nervous at the job interview. (contraction→ weren’t)

86. Verb To BE Contractions in Negative Sentences
Complete Form
Contraction
I was not
I wasn’t
You were not
You weren’t
He was not
He wasn’t
She was not
She wasn’t
It was not
It wasn’t
We were not
We weren’t
They were not
They weren’t

87. Verb To BE Contractions in Negative Sentences
I was not nervous on the first day of class.
2. You (usted) were not well dressed for the job interview yesterday.
3. Janet was not in the same school as her brother last year.
4. Joseph was not ready for his oral report last Tuesday.
I wasn’t nervous on the first day of class.
You weren’t well dressed
for the job interview yesterday.
3. Janet wasn’t in the same school as her brother last year.
4. Joseph wasn’t ready for his oral report last Tuesday.

88. Verb To BE Contractions in Negative Sentences
5. The Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) in the university was not in service yesterday afternoon.
6. You (ustedes) were not in the library when I went by this morning.
Ralph and I were not satisfied with the final decision.
8. The exercises in the last English lesson were not difficult.
5. The Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) in the university wasn’t in service yesterday afternoon.
6. You weren’t in the
library when I went by
this morning.
7. Ralph and I weren’t satisfied
with the final decision.
8. The exercises in the last
English lesson weren’t difficult.

89. Wh-Questions (Information Questions)
Question Word
Questions
Answers
Who (person)
Who was the first woman pilot?
Amelia Earhart was the first woman pilot.
What (thing)
What were yesterday’s workshops about?
They were about new computer software and programs .
When (time)
When was the flight to Boston cancelled?
It was cancelled fifteen minutes ago.
Why (reason)
Why were the children sad at the park?
They were sad because it was time to leave.
Where (place)
Where were David and Elaine last night?
They were at the gym.
How (description/health)
How was your day at work this morning?
It was very busy but interesting.
Whose (possession)
Whose historical house was this years ago?
It was poet Luis Palés Matos’ house.

90. Wh-Questions (Information Questions)
More Examples:
1. (Q) When was Daniel promoted to sales manager?
(A) He was promoted last month.
2. (Q) Where were you and your friends last Saturday?
(A) We were in Old San Juan taking photos for our History
class.
3. (Q) Who were you with at the jazz festival?
(A) I was with my nephews and nieces.

91. Wh-Questions (Information Questions)
4. (Q) How was the English exam yesterday?
(A) It was easy but too long.
5. (Q) Why were the airports in Chicago and New York closed last
week?
(A) They were closed because of the snow storms and the terrible
weather.
6. (Q) What was the problem with your car?
(A) It was a problem with the air conditioning system.

92. Practice Exercises (Affirmative Sentences)
Select the best answer.
__ 1. Francine and Jacob ___ in Italy last Christmas.
(A) are (B) were (C) was
__ 2. My mother ___ a model when she was young.
(A) were (B) is (C) was
__ 3. We ___ very busy at home this past weekend.
(A) were (B) was (C) are
__ 4. Our dog ___ at the veterinarian yesterday afternoon.
(A) was (B) is (C) were
__ 5. Many homes ___ destroyed when the hurricane passed through the city.
(A) are (B) was (C) were

93. Practice Exercises (Negative Sentences)
__ 6. Cell phones ____ invented when my parents were teenagers.
(A) aren’t (B) weren’t (C) wasn’t
__ 7. The hotel we stayed in ____ near public transportation.
(A) isn’t (B) wasn’t (C) weren’t
__ 8. Mr. Huertas ____ alone when the accident occurred.
(A) isn’t (B) aren’t (C) wasn’t
__ 9. Years ago, women ____ permitted to vote until the 1950s.
(A) weren’t (B) wasn’t (C) aren’t
__10. The Internet service ____ available last night.
(A) wasn’t (B) isn’t (C) aren’t

94. Practice Exercises (Yes/No Questions)
__ 11. ____ the certified letter received on time?
(A) Is (B) Was (C) Were
__ 12. ____ the toll way costs in Puerto Rico raised last year?
(A) Were (B) Are (C) Was
__ 13. ____ your first grade teacher nice?
__ 14. ____ your old friends in the past class reunion?
(A) Was (B) Are (C) Were
__ 15. ____ a college education difficult to obtain fifty years ago?
(A) Were (B) Is (C) Was

95. Practice Exercises (Information Questions)
__ 16. A: How ____ your past weekend? B: It was wonderful.
(A) were (B) is (C) was
__ 17. A: What ____ the conference about ? B: It was about “Studying Habits”.
(A) is (B) was (C) were
__ 18. A: Where ____ the criminals captured? B: They were captured in the park.
(A) are (B) were (C) was
__ 19. A: Who ____ Elvis Presley? B: He was the king of Rock and Roll.
(A) was (B) is (C) are
__ 20. A: Why ____ Paul and Patricia in trouble with the police?
B: They were in trouble because they didn’t have a driver’s license.

96. Practice Exercise Answer Key
B B
C A
A B
A C
C C
B C
B B
C B
A A
A B

97. Post Test (Affirmative Sentences)
Select the best answer.
__ 1. My family and I ___ in Mexico last summer.
(A) were (B) are (C) was
__ 2. The office door ___ closed this morning.
(A) is (B) were (C) was
__ 3. Teresa ___ absent to work yesterday.
(A) is (B) was (C) were
__ 4. We ___ very tired after our long walk in the country.
(A) are (B) was (C) were
__ 5. Pedro and Susan ___ at the cinema last night.
(A) was (B) were (C) are

98. Post Test (Negative Sentences)
__ 6. The weather ___ pleasant yesterday. It was raining all day.
(A) wasn’t (B) isn’t (C) weren’t
__ 7. You ___ at the meeting this morning. What happened?
(A) aren’t (B) weren’t (C) wasn’t
__ 8. Endangered animals ___ as important many years ago as they are
today.
(A) wasn’t (B) aren’t (C) weren’t
__ 9. communication ___ common ten years ago.
(A) aren’t (B) weren’t (C) wasn’t
__10. I ___ at home this past weekend. I was visiting my family.
(A) am not (B) wasn’t (C) weren’t

99. Post Test (Yes/No Questions)
__ 11. ___ Kenneth sick two days ago?
(A) Is (B) Were (C) Was
__ 12. ___ Alex and Joseph on a basketball team last year?
(A) Were (B) Are (C) Was
__ 13. ___ your car at the mechanic last week?
(A) Was (B) Is (C) Were
__ 14. ___ the Taíno Indians intelligent and hardworking?
(A) Was (B) Were (C) Are
__ 15. ___you born in the United States?
(A) Are (B) Was (C) Were

100. Post Test (Information Questions)
__ 16. Why ___ the policemen at your house last night?
(A) was (B) are (C) were
__ 17. When ___ your grandfather in the US Army?
(A) were (B) was (C) is
__ 18. Where ___ the boys last weekend?
(A) are (B) were (C) was
__ 19. Who ___ Martin Luther King Jr.?
(A) was (B) is (C) were
__ 20. What ___ your favorite game when you were a child?
(A) is (B) were (C) was

101. Post Test Answer Key 1. A 11. C 2. C 12. A 3. B 13. A 4. C 14. B
5. B C
6. A C
7. B B
8. C B
9. C A
10. B C

102. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

103. The Past Progressive
The past progressive is used to talk about an activity that was in progress at a specific point of time in the past. The emphasis is on the duration of the activity in the past.
I was studying for an exam while my mother was cooking dinner.
We were walking in the park around 7 p.m. last night.

104. The Past Progressive
The past progressive is often used with the simple past to show that one action was in progress when another action occurred.
I was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.
They were eating dinner when the neighbors stopped by for a visit.

108. PAST PERFECT TENSE

109. The Past Perfect
This tense describes completed events that took place in the past before another past event.
had received
had eaten
it hit
my friend stopped by
The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the iceberg.
I had already eaten when my friend stopped by to visit.

112. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

113. Past Perfect Progressive she found the right office
This tense is used to emphasize the duration of an action that was completed before another action or event in the past.
had been driving
she found the right office
She had been driving around the city for three hours before she finally found the right office.

116. The Future
Will and be + going + to are often used to describe future actions.
Thomas will graduate in June.
Maria is going to go to Mexico next week.

117. The Future
The simple present and present progressive are also used to express future time. These are often used used in connection with schedules.
She is meeting a new client at eleven o’clock.
The train leaves at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.

118. The Future Progressive I will be teaching ESL 40 at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
This tense is used to describe an event or action that will occur over a period of time at a specific point in the future.
at 10 a.m. tomorrow
by the time you arrive
I will be teaching ESL 40 at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
They will be moving their furniture out of the house by the time you arrive tomorrow.

119. We will have finished the exam by the time class ends tomorrow.
The Future Perfect
This tense is used to describe an event or action that will be completed before another event or time in the future.
will have finished the exam
class ends
We will have finished the exam by the time class ends tomorrow.

120. Future Perfect Progressive
This tense describes an action that has been in progress for a duration of time before another event or time in the future.
finishes law school
will have been living in the U.S. for eight years
By the time he finishes law school, we will have been living in the U.S. for eight years.

121. Singular and Plural Verb Forms of Have for First, Second and Third Person
First Person
I (have) (had)
we (had) (have)
Second Person
you (have) (had)
Third Person
he, she, it (has)
(had)
They (have)
Mary (has)
Mary and Tom
(have) (had)
PP 10-5