2.  An ocean current is any permanent or continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents

3. 2 major types Surface  Driven by:  Wind  Speed:  Fast mostly  Depth:  Approx. <100 m Deep  Driven by:  Differences in Density=m/v  Speed:  SLOW always  Depth:  >100 m

4.  Prevailing winds: Initial push  Westerlies= west to east  Trade winds= East to equator Caused by…  Uneven heating  Water near equator warms due to direct sunlight  Transfers heat to poles by CONVECTION Major causes of ocean currents

5.  Coriolis Effect:  deflection of moving objects  North= Right (clockwise)  South= Left (counter clockwise)  Basin Shape: Coastline  AKA the toilet bowl Major causes of ocean currents

6.  Ocean currents are the result of ALL of the following, except: A. prevailing wind belts B. the shape of the ocean basin C. Coriolis force D. shifting tectonic plates Review

7. Boundary Current Warm  Gulf Stream  Brazil  Kuroshio  Agulhas  E. Australia Cold/Cool  Benguela  Peru  Canary  Greenland & Labrador  W. Australia

9.  Equatorial  North  South  Circumpolar  Antarctic Boundary Current

10.  Gyre: set of four or more currents ( Draw in on map) Gyre

11. Major surface currents

13. a)Which boundary currents influence US coast lines? Gulf Stream & California Review

14. Sandy

15. Irene

16. Review The Coriolis effect causes which oceanic circulation pattern in the Northern hemisphere shown below:

17. Vertical mixing of water Changes in water temperature  Surface is warmer Thermohaline circulation  deep ocean currents caused by: differences in density.  Salinity  Increase salt=more dense  Temperature  Decrease temperature= more dense

18. Salinity INCREASES (salt concentration goes up)  Evaporation  Ice formation Decreases (salt concentration goes down)  Fresh water goes in  Rain  Surface runoff  Ice Melts

19. On your map identify areas of high and low salinity

20.  Which of the following factors increases the density and salinity in oceans? A. river runoff into oceans B. precipitation over oceans C. icebergs melting into oceans D. evaporation of seawater Review

21.  Normal conditions:  Wind direction:  Dominated by the trade winds (East towards Equator)  Current direction:  (strong cold current towards equator)  E. Pacific water temps :  Cool  Effects:  N. America normal warm summer/cool winter  Cooler water of South American coast  Australia warmer water Ocean-Atmosphere Patterns

22.  El Nino Conditions:  Wind direction:  Trade winds are weak or reversed  (West towards Equator)  Current direction:  (Weak towards equator)  E. Pacific water temps :  Warm  Effects:  N. America Warmer winters  Floods in South America  Droughts in Australia Ocean-Atmosphere Patterns

23.  la Nina conditions:  Wind direction:  VERY strong trade winds (East towards Equator)  Current direction:  (Strong cold towards equator)  E. Pacific water temps :  Very Cold  Effects:  MUCH Cooler water of South American coast  Australia MUCH warmer water  US colder than normal winters with much more snow! Ocean-Atmosphere Patterns