1. Taxonomy How do we classify?

2. Why Classify? Study unity & diversity in an organized manner Understand relationships between organisms

3. How do we classify? Grouped by similar structures, embryonic development, or genetics Suggests that related organisms shared a common ancestor System most often used (but often disputed) – 5 Kingdoms

4. How do we classify? Kingdoms – Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia Full classification system (most general to most specific):

5. How do we classify? Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species As we move down the system, we are more specific in our classification

6. How do we classify? Way to remember: Kings Play Chess On Fridays, Generally Speaking Kelly Phillips Came Over For Girl Scouts

7. How do we classify? Kingdoms based on following: Presence or absence of nuclear membrane Unicellular or multicellular Type of nutrition

8. Members of each kingdom share major characteristics

9. How Do We Name Organisms? Binomial Nomenclature Two-name system Designed by Carolus Linneaus I love to classify organisms

10. How Do We Name Organisms? First part of name – Genus – it is Capitalized Second part – species – lowercase – Species – Species: group of organisms that are similar in structure; can mate & produce FERTILE offspring

11. Same species?

12. End result of mating = mule Mule is sterile Therefore, no FERTILE offspring can be produces, so not the same species

13. Same species?

14. Since normally these offspring are fertile, the parents are the same species

15. How Do We Name Organisms? Humans : Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens Name must be underlined or italicized Housecat: Felis domestica Minnow: Cyprinodon variegatus

16. Full Classification - Human Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapiens

17. The Five Kingdoms Let’s go through them all!

18. KINGDOM MONERA Primitive cell structure Lack of membranes & organelles

19. KINGDOM MONERA Examples: Bacteria Blue-Green Algae

20. KINGDOM PROTISTA Predominantly unicelluar Plant-like OR animal-like

21. KINGDOM PROTISTA Protozoa: Animal-like nutrition Ameba Paramecium

22. KINGDOM PROTISTA Algae: Plant-like nutrition Algae Euglena

23. KINGDOM FUNGI Cells are branched fibers with many nuclei Food absorbed from environment Non-photosynthetic, but have cell wall

24. KINGDOM FUNGI Yeast

25. KINGDOM FUNGI Bread Mold

26. KINGDOM FUNGI Mushrooms

27. KINGDOM PLANTAE Multicellular Photosynthetic Let’s look at two different phylum – more specific

28. Kingdom Plantae – Phylum Bryophyta No vascular tissue (no true roots, leaves, stems) Moss

29. K. Plantae – Phylum Tracheophyta Have vascular tissue – true roots, leaves, & stems Fern, pine tree, maple tree, beans, corn

30. Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Heterotrophic

31. K. Animalia – Phylum Porifera Sponges?

32. K. Animalia – Phylum Porifera Oh…sponges! Body full of pores

33. K. Animalia – Phylum Coelenterata Two cell layers, hollow body cavity, one opening Hydra, Jellyfish, Sea anemone

35. K. Animalia – P. Platyhelminthes Bilateral symmetry, no real body cavity Flatworms (Planaria), tapeworms

36. Liver fluke - parasite K. Animalia – P. Platyhelminthes

37. Tapeworm K. Animalia – P. Platyhelminthes

38. K. Animalia – Phylum Nematoda Unsegmented worms Bilateral symmetry Roundworms

39. K. Animalia – Phylum Annelida Segemented body walls Bilateral symmetry Earthworm

40. K. Animalia – Phylum Mollusca Have a muscular foot Snails, Scallops, Squid, Clams, Slugs

43. K. Animalia – Phylum Arthropoda Jointed appendages, exoskeleton Phylum is 90% of entire animal species Grasshopper, Lobster, Spider, Insects

44. K. Animalia – P. Echinodermata Radial symmetry, spiny covering Starfish, Sea stars, Sea urchins, Sea cucumbers

47. K. Animalia – Phylum Chordata Dorsal nerve cord with supporting rod of cartilage (notochord) In development, have tail and gill slits Shark, Frog, Human