1. Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC)
Rhonda Hopkins
Radiological Emergency Response Manager
Remote Sensing Laboratory - Nellis

2. Purpose of FRMAC
Assist the states in their mission to protect the health and well being of their citizens:
Provide initial prediction based on source term estimate
Verify and validate prediction based on ground monitoring data and fixed wing surveys
Comprehensive characterization of environmental and public impacts based on ground monitoring, sampling and analysis, and rotary-wing survey data
National Response Framework / Nuke-Rad Annex

3. Federal Response Regardless of the Coordinating Agency
DOE coordinates radiological monitoring and assessment activities for the emergency and intermediate phases
EPA coordinates the intermediate to long-term activities for radiological monitoring and assessment
Advisory Team (EPA, CDC, FDA, USDA)
Provides PARs to the State / Local / Tribal representatives
FRMAC (Multi-Agency)
Coordinates monitoring, analysis, and assessment
Provides data products to the State / Local / Tribal representatives
For an Incident of National Significance (INS), DHS deploys FRMAC

4. Coordinated Radiological Emergency Response
Gather facts
Use Protective Action
Guidelines and facts
to make projections
RAP, CMHT, CMRT I,
CMRT II, Augmentation,
FRMAC
Make protective action
recommendations
Shelter-in-Place
Evacuate
Return
Recovery
Venn diagram shows the relationship between responders and decision-makers.
Animation shows the relationship between the organizations and the actions they take with color coding.
State and
Local
Governments
Coordinating Agency
and Advisory Team

5. Initial dispersion predictive plots available via the Consequence Management Home Team within 15 mins – 1 hour after activation.
RAP teams are typically activated within 2 hours, at which time a fully-functional CMHT should be operating as well.
AMS and CMRT Phase I are expected to be ready for “wheels up” within 4 hours.

6. CM Home Team Bridge Line Coordinator GIS Scientist
Assessment Scientist
Position filled by scientists from the National Labs
RSL scientist from CMRT II may also assist initially
NARAC Support Personnel
The Consequence Management Home Team (CMHT) functions as a virtual extension of the FRMAC when a full FRMAC has not yet been, or will not be, deployed. The same products and assistance are available in CMHT as with a full FRMAC with the exception of field monitoring capabilities.
There are five, on-call duty positions for the CMHT. When the CMHT is activated, two Bridge Line Coordinators activate the CMHT bridge line and contact state, federal and local agencies to invite them to participate on the call. Additionally, an assessment scientist, GIS scientist, and web administrator join the call and prepare for requests for assistance. The initial requester will be contacted by a DOE official to advise them when the bridge line is stood up. The CMHT is activated by contacting The DOE Nuclear Incident Team. Once DOE has made the determination that CMHT assistance is required, an activation call-out sequence is initiated. All positions of the CMHT are staffed 24/7/365 and can respond within one hour during normal business hours and two hours after close of business.
Response Time
1 hour- business hours
2 hours- non working hours (requestor will be updated by federal agent as soon as possible)
Active until stood-down by FRMAC director

7. CMHT Capabilities CM Web Early Data Entry via RAMS
Provides access to maps and other data products
Early Data Entry via RAMS
Allows responders to report field data related to radiation in real time to CMHT
Bridge line (up to 20 callers per line)
BLC monitors bridge line 24/7 and makes all necessary provisions for technical and logistical discussions
States, EPA, Advisory Team, and NARAC notified
Contact NARAC for CMweb username and password

8. Radiological Assistance Program8 7 5 4 3 2 1 6
Advise on radiological issues
First responder - arrives in 4-6 hours
Assist with radioactive material recovery
Assist with the characterization of radiological incident
A link to other DOE assets for assistance
RAP is a flexible, 24-hour, first response capability to federal, state, local governments for incidents involving radiological emergencies
This slide shows the 8 DOE Regions. These Regions were designed around the major DOE facilities across the country. These facilities are designated as the RCOs and are identified by the stars.
Region 1, Brookhaven Area Office (631)
Region 2, Oak Ridge Operations Office (865)
Region 3, Savannah River Operations Office (803)
Region 4, NNSA Service Center (505)
Region 5, Chicago Operations Office (630)
Region 6, Idaho Operations Office (208)
Region 7, Livermore Site Office (925)
Region 8, Richland Operations Office (509)
DOE HQ (202)

9. The first 15 min – 1 hour Initial NARAC / IMAAC predictive model
Estimates based on information available
Source term
Wind direction and speed
Used by the state to make decisions on public safety
Based on EPA Protective Action Guidelines
Available through the CMWeb (account access required)
CMWeb account access can be requested through NARAC online at or

10. What to expect within 2 – 4 hours
Additional NARAC / IMMAC models
Information refined to include
Different isotopic mixes, affected population, expected dose levels
Applications
Refine protective action
Available through the NARAC / CM Web Site
CMHT stood-up and available to assist
RAP Team en-route or arriving on scene

11. AMS Fixed Wing Beechcraft King Air B-200 Four-person crew
Twin-engine turbo prop
IFR (all weather) rated
260 knots (300 mph)
Range 1,130 nm (1,300 sm)
Max endurance 5 hrs (without refueling)
Four-person crew
Pilot and co-pilot
Scientist/Health physicist
Technician/Technologist
Add instrument info
The AMS has two principal responses to a nuclear/radiological emergency:
On Call Response uses a fixed-wing aircraft system designed to produce rapid results for the decision makers dealing with evacuation and shelter-in-place issues related to high radioactivity levels (areas where the natural background radiation can be ignored). An On Call Response mission deploys a 4-person team: two pilots, one scientist and one technician with no ground support team.
Provides plume tracking, radiation exposure rate surveys, and radiation deposition mapping over large areas around an accident or incident scene.
The results from these systems can be quickly presented as maps or images.
Both RSL – Nellis and RSL-Andrews have 1 – helicopter and 1 – fixed wing aircraft

12. AMS Rotary Wing Bell-412 Three-person crew Ground Support
Twin-Pac turbo shaft engine
IFR (all weather) rated
120 knots (140 mph)
Range 360 nm (410 sm)
Max Endurance 3 hrs (without refueling)
Three-person crew
Pilot and co-pilot
Technician/Technologist
Ground Support
Scientist/Health physicist
Data Analyst
Aircraft mechanic
Add instrument specs
Radiological Mapping uses a helicopter-based system to obtain dispersed radiation measurements closer to the natural background levels (low activity areas) needed to assess crop ingestion issues and to characterize the affected area for future remediation. Radiological Mapping mission deploys a 6-7 person team: two pilots, one scientist, one data analyst, 1 or 2 technicians and an aircraft mechanic. Typically, only the two pilots and one of the radiation technicians will fly in the helicopter. Dependent on the equipment load, the helicopter can transport up 9 persons (without equipment), but typically has a crew of three.

13. Mission Parameters Radiological Mapping Phase On-Call Response Phase
Rapid Overview – Emergency Response
Altitude: 500 feet
Spacing: 0.5 mile
Speed: 80 knots
Helicopter
Small Area (<25 mi2) – Detailed Survey
Altitude: feet
Line Spacing: feet
Speed: 70 knots
On-Call Response Phase
Large Area (>25 mi2)
Altitude: 500-1,000 feet
Spacing: 1-5 miles
Speed: 140 knots
Fixed-wing Aircraft
Add instrument specs
On Call Response Mission with Emphasis on Speed
Mission Requirements
Exposure Rate Products; limited Spectral Capabilities
Extremely Rapid
High Radioactivity Levels (PAGs)
Exposure Rate
Widely-spaced Survey Lines
Low Resolution
Low Risk - As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)
Operation Synergy – March 2004 Los Angeles, CA (Los Alamitos)
Consequence Management (Radiological Mapping) Phase - Primarily Helicopter
Follow-on assets for detailed aerial radiological survey
Spectral Mapping Products with Emphasis on Quality
Excellent Sensitivity
Full Spectral (Isotopes)
Adjacent Survey Lines for Contouring (100% area coverage)
High Resolution
High Accuracy
Low Risk (ALARA)
Longer deployment time
Best air platform to use for ARG response where affected impact area may be small, and radiation energies of interest low (short range)
Dingo Dawn Exercise (Seattle, WA) – Accident Response Group (ARG) Exercise – Nuclear Weapons Accident

14. Consequence Management Response Team I
On –Duty Responders - 26
Equipment – 3200 pounds
Operations – 24 hours
Initial capabilities
Assessment
Geographical Information Systems
Health & Safety
Monitoring & Sampling
three field teams
Logistics
The CMRT I response is a small, rapidly-deploying team focused on obtaining and assessing gross field monitoring measurements. It is capable of sustaining 24-hour operations for up to 72 hours. The CMRT I team is required to deploy with a 4-hours “wheels up” time following notification. The team includes 25 on-call personnel and 2,500 lbs (200 cubic feet) of equipment. It is designed for quick response and rapid radiological data collection and assessment in order to provide early health effects advice and timely characterization of the radiological situations to the officials responsible for making and implementing protective actions for the public.
Ability for 6 M&S teams (if integrated)
1 in situ
H&S for workers
Provides
coordination with other agencies
initial monitoring and assessment
initial characterization of situation
monitoring and assessment planning
preparation for follow-on assets
Integrates RAP, state, and local responders
Requires follow-on support (CMRT Phase II) for 24-hour operation

15. Consequence Management Response Team II
Additional responders - 38
24-hour/day operation for several weeks
augmented monitoring, sampling and assessment
Additional equipment – 23,000 lbs.
twenty field teams
Laboratory Analysis
sample receipt
prepare samples for transport to labs
Training for additional responders
The CMRT II response package is prepared to deploy on one aircraft with a 12-hour “wheels up” following notification. This response team includes 32 personnel and an additional 39,000 lbs. (2,400 cubic feet) of equipment. The CMRT II response team deploys with consumables to support operations for 96 hours without re-supply and is prepared to support 24-hour per day operations for several weeks.
CMRT II will focus on extensive field monitoring (collection, assessment, compilation, and archiving of data) and initial sample collection and sample processing for characterization and eventual handoff to the Environmental Protection Agency.
Ability for 20 M&S teams (if integrated), more with additional equipment from other agencies
Integrates RAP, state, and local responders
Provides base structure for rolling into multi-agency FRMAC
Can process and ship collected samples to off site laboratories for analysis

16. Augmentation
Augments CMRT I & II and is staffed through the national laboratories and the RAP regions
Their main focus is sampling activities in the affected areas, dose assessment, and clean up
An additional 42 responders mobilizing within 24 hours of activation
Regionally deployed to the affected area

17. Paperless FRMAC Emergency Response Organization Unified Command
State / County EOC
Other Federal agencies

18. Cycle of new products based on updated sets of measure-ments
Data Products Cycle
Set 1. An initial automated plot shows downwind location only with no estimate of health effects
Set 2. Revised event data used to produce quality assured reach-back plots
Set 3. The model is compared with a few initial field measurements to make an initial estimate of the amount released
Automated Web-Initiated or via Emergency Call; Only know release time and location
Example revised data: Updated source location, detailed weather
Source scaled to initial set of measurements
Cycle of new products based on updated sets of measure-ments
NARAC may provide several “sets” of plots during an exercise or event. As more information is gathered, such as a new source estimate or updated meteorology, NARAC will update our products with this new information. As measurements are taken and provided to NARAC, comparisons will be made between measured values and model calculated values. NARAC staff may then release a new set based on changes made to the model calculation to match the measurements. Measurements may received from on site or local teams, regional teams (such as RAP) or Federal teams (such as the FRMAC).
Later sets:
We develop Relocation and
Food-Ingestion plots
Set 4. A health-effects plot is developed based on a source term estimated from field measurements
Set 5. We use more extensive sets of field measurements to improve the accuracy of the source term calculation

19. FRMAC Integration
FRMAC would like the states, locals, and tribes to co-locate and to assist in integration / coordination of operations
FRMAC uses liaisons at EOC’s and in Unified Command to facilitate information flow
Other Federal agencies integrate into FRMAC
EPA - FDA
CDC - USDA
DHS - Other Federal agencies as needed

20. Advisory Team
Provides coordinated advice and recommendations on environment, food and health matters to the Federal, state, local and tribal governments.
Representatives from:
EPA - FDA
CDC - USDA
DHS - Other Federal agencies as needed

21. Environmental Protection Agency
Assist with non-radiological hazards
Such as chemical spills, hazardous materials fires, accidental hazmat releases due to radiological event
Coordinate off-site cleanup activities
with NRC
with appropriate jurisdiction
Eventually close FRMAC in time and transition to EPA-only or other monitoring program

22. Transfer from DOE to EPA
At a mutually agreeable time
After consultation with DHS, the JFO Coordination Group, state, local, and tribal officials
The following conditions are to be met before transfer:
Immediate emergency condition is stabilized
Offsite release of radioactive material has ceased
Offsite radiological conditions have been characterized
Initial long-range monitoring plan has been developed
Other Federal agencies will commit required resources
Ant notes?

23. CM / FRMAC Contact Information
Colleen O’Laughlin
NNSA / NSO
FRMAC Program Information
frmac/default.htm
Emergency Response Numbers (24-hr)
NNSA / HQ –
NARAC –

24. Questions??
Stop here in presentation unless you have time to cover next 3 quickly
Intent of next 3 slides is to give them references in the handouts

25. Manuals FRMAC Operations Manual – Dec. 2005
This manual describes the Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center’s (FRMAC) response activities in a major radiological emergency
FRMAC Assessment Manuals (3 volumes) – April 2003
These manuals provide the scientific basis and methods for assessment calculations
FRMAC Monitoring Manuals (2 volumes) – Dec. 2005
These manuals provide the monitoring and sampling methods for a radiological response
An updated FRMAC Assessment Manual is expected in 2010.

26. Manuals (cont) FRMAC Laboratory Analysis Manual – Dec. 2005
This manual provide general guidance relating to sample tracking and analysis
FRMAC Health and Safety Manual – May 2001
The manual describes how radiological health and safety plans will be implemented for FRMAC
Link:

27. Other Federal Manuals
U.S. EPA. EPA Manual of Protective Action Guides and Protective Actions for Nuclear Incidents, May 1992 (currently in revision)
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Accidental Radioactive Contamination of Human Food and Animal Feeds, August 13, 1998
RTM-96 Response Technical Manual, NUREG/BR-0150, Vol. 1, Rev. 4, March 1996
Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures (NARP) Manual, DoD , February 2005