1. The Gas Laws

2. Gas Law Calculations Boyle’s Law PV = k Boyle’s Law PV = k Charles’ Law V T Charles’ Law V T Combined Gas Law PV T Combined Gas Law PV T Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT = k T and V change P, n, R are constant P, V, and T change n and R are constant P and V change n, R, T are constant

3. Gas Law Calculations Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT Dalton’s Law Partial Pressures P T = P A + P B Dalton’s Law Partial Pressures P T = P A + P B Charles’ Law Charles’ Law T 1 = T 2 V 1 = V 2 Boyle’s Law Boyle’s Law P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 Gay-Lussac T 1 = T 2 P 1 = P 2 Combined Combined T 1 = T 2 P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 Avogadro’s Law Avogadro’s Law Add or remove gas Manometer Manometer Big = small + height R = 0.0821 L atm / mol K 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa Bernoulli’s Principle Bernoulli’s Principle Fast moving fluids… create low pressure Density Density T 1 D 1 = T 2 D 2 P 1 = P 2 Graham’s Law Graham’s Law diffusion vs. effusion

4. United States Bill of Rights ratified History of Science Gas Laws 16501700175018001850 Boyle’s law Charles’s law Dalton announces his atomic theory Gay-Lussac’s law Avagadro’s particle Number theory Mogul empire in India (1526-1707) Constitution of the United States signed Latin American countries gain independence (1791- 1824) U.S. Congress bans importation of slaves Napoleon is emperor(1804- 12) Haiti declares independence Herron, Frank, Sarquis, Sarquis, Schrader, Kulka, Chemistry, Heath Publishing,1996, page 220

5. Scientists Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647) –Published first scientific explanation of a vacuum. –Invented mercury barometer. Robert Boyle (1627- 1691) –Volume inversely related to pressure (temperature remains constant) Jacques Charles (1746 -1823) –Volume directly related to temperature (pressure remains constant) Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) –Pressure directly related to temperature (volume remains constant)

6. Gas Demonstrations Gas: Demonstrations Effect of Temperature on Volume of a Gas VIDEO Air Pressure Crushes a Popcan VIDEO Air Pressure Inside a Balloon (Needle through a balloon) VIDEO Effect of Pressure on Volume (Shaving Creme in a Belljar) VIDEO http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/GasLaws.html Eggsplosion Effect of Temperature on Volume of a Gas VIDEO Air Pressure Crushes a Popcan VIDEO Air Pressure Inside a Balloon (Needle through a balloon) VIDEO Effect of Pressure on Volume (Shaving Creme in a Belljar) VIDEO