1. XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010 DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SCENARIOS FOR INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN SELECTED REGIONS IN BULGARIA T. LOLOS, G. TAVOULARIS, B. LYKAS, C. TSOMPANIDIS, G. LOLOS & R. SIMEONOVA

2. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Support the preparation of a sound project pipeline for the environmental sector as a prerequisite for the absorption of funds available for the environmental sector and the improvement of the environmental infrastructure of the country according to EU standards. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES  Update the regional waste management systems according to EU legislation;  Prepare solid feasibility studies (preliminary designs, CBA study procurement plan);  Prepare detailed designs and tender documents ;  Construct viable waste management projects. LEVSKIVELIKO TARNOVOBOROVOVARNA XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

3. Development of waste management scenarios and assumptions Main objectives for the development of the Investment Programs for the necessary infrastructures:  ensure compliance with the national and EU legislation;  ensure affordable long term project planning and optimal utilisation of EU funds;  define a long-term, cost-efficient, waste management investment plan.  contribute to the national commitments and compliance of the infrastructures with the National Waste Management Programme 2009-2013. XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

4. Current situation of waste management in Bulgaria  Landfilling of waste - most of the landfill sites do not fulfil the specifications of the Landfill Directive;  Closing and rehabilitation of non-conforming sites is still pending;  Waste recycling, treatment and disposal facilities will be implemented in 23 regions;  Mandatory targets for 50% municipal waste recycling by 2020. XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

5. Current situation regarding waste collection and disposal in the assessed regions  Transportation takes place by both modern vehicles and older skip carrying trucks;  Waste management operations are performed by private or municipal owned companies;  Waste is disposed in local, unprotected municipal landfills and have their permit officially prolonged until end of 2009 or until the new regional landfills are constructed  No sealing works or other pollution abatement technical works were envisaged for the current disposal sites;  Pollution risks of varying levels were identified;  Both municipal and Construction & Demolition (inert) waste is accepted for disposal;  Many of the sites are neighboring to a surface water aquifer, with direct discharge of leachate. The municipal dumpsites will be closed, covered with an impermeable layer and rehabilitated, following a detailed design study. ! XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

6. ParameterVeliko TarnovoVarnaLevskiBorovo Total average income per cap, € 1.3521.6431.7981.810 Expenditures on waste management, €/t 44,745,932,729,6 Expenditures in waste collection - transportation 62%67%68%51% Expenditures in landfilling 9%16%12% Waste tax / cap, € 20,213,54,94,5 Population 182.878354.903121.59563.139 Waste generation, t/y 52.999131.59934.65315.013 Selected Economical-Social Parameters of Studied Regions XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

7. Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3 Collection of residuals1 bin for mixed waste 2 bins(for mixed and organic waste) (in Varna) Collection of recyclables - From the Recovery Organisations - From Civic Amenity Sites (Aksakovo and Beloslav) - From the Recovery Organisations - From Civic Amenity Sites (Aksakovo and Beloslav) Collection of bio-waste- 85% Green waste from parks and households - Organic from CAS (Aksakovo and Beloslav) - 85% Green waste from parks and households - Separate collection through bio-bins in selected points (markets, restaurants, etc) and households (in Varna) - Organic from CAS (Aksakovo and Beloslav) Collection of hazardous household In landfill siteIn Civic Amenity Sites and in landfill site In Civic Amenity Sites and in landfill site Home –compostingNoYes, 4% of BDW Transfer StationNo Sorting Station (MRF)No TreatmentComposting of green waste (open system) Existing MBT Plant. Recovery of i) recyclables and/or RDF and ii) Compost-like output Composting of green waste (open system) Existing MBT Plant. Recovery of i) recyclables and/or RDF and ii) Compost-like output Composting of green waste (open system) Existing MBT Plant. Recovery of i) recyclables and/or RDF and ii) Compost-like output Treatment of C&DC&D waste recycling facility Landfill site“Vaglen” Closure of dumpsitesIn situ rehabilitation or waste transport to a compliant landfill, according to legislation XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010 Overview of Alternative Options for WMS in Varna Region

8. Waste Management Scenario 2 - VARNA XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

9. Waste Management Scenario 3 - VARNA XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

10. Mass Balance of selected Waste Management System (Scenario 1) in Varna Option 1 has been ranked as the best among the three and selected, satisfying all set criteria:  Mixed waste is treated in the PPP Mechanical-Biological Treatment Plant;  Packaging waste recovery is promoted by the Recovery Organizations;  Home composting of biodegradable waste is promoted in rural areas of the region.  Green Waste is separately collected and composted in the Composting Facility within the Regional Waste Management Centre

11. Total Biodegradable waste in 1995 - tons 82.382 Quantity of biodegradable waste allowed for landfilling relative to 1995 BDW quantity Year National Target - BDW allowed to landfill TARGET ACHIEVEMENT - BDW landfilled Scenario 1Scenario 2 Scenario 3 tons/year% of 1995 BDW quantitytons/year% % % 201061.78775%25.53631,00%25.26530,67%25.26530,67% 201341.19150%27.18933,00%26.89432,65%26.89432,65% 202028.83435%30.11236,55%29.76036,12%29.76036,12% YearRegional targetScenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3 201022,17%59,1359,58 201341,37%59,5259,98 202050,00%60,0660,54 XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010 National Target Achievement for Biodegradable Waste Allowance to Landfill – VARNA REGION Regional Targets and Target Achievement for the Recycling of Municipal Waste

12. Preliminary Investment Cost for Alternative Waste Management Scenarios– VARNA REGION XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

13. Overview of Alternative Options for WMS in Veliko Tarnovo Region Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3 Collection of residuals1 bin for mixed waste2 bins(for mixed and organic waste)1 bin for mixed waste Collection of recyclables- From the Recovery Organisations - From Civic Amenity Sites (one in each municipality) - From the Recovery Organisations Collection of bio-waste- 85% Green waste from parks and households - Organic from CAS - 85% Green waste from parks and households - Separate collection through bio-bins in selected points (markets, restaurants, etc) and households - 100% Green waste from parks and households Collection of hazardous household In Civic Amenity Sites and in landfill site In landfill site Home –compostingYes, 30% of rural BDW Transfer StationNo Sorting Station (MRF)NoYesYes, included in MBT TreatmentComposting of bio-waste (open system) Composting of bio-waste (open or closed system) MBT Plant. Recovery of i) recyclables and/or RDF and ii) Compost-like output Landfill site“Sheremetya” Closure of dumpsitesIn situ rehabilitation or waste transport to a compliant landfill, according to legislation The described options are consistent with the core principles of waste hierarchy, the producer responsibility, the polluter pays and eventually the central target Europe to become a “recycling society”. ! XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

14. Waste Management Scenario 1 – VELIKO TARNOVO XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

15. Waste Management Scenario 2 – VELIKO TARNOVO XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

16. Mass Balance of selected Waste Management System (Scenario 3) in Veliko Tarnovo Option 3 has been ranked as the best among the three and selected, satisfying all set criteria:  Mixed waste is treated in a Mechanical-Biological Treatment Plant with the recovery of recyclables, secondary fuel RDF, stabilised organic matter and residues;  Packaging waste recovery is promoted by the Recovery Organizations;  Home composting of biodegradable waste is promoted in rural areas of the region. XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

17. Comparison of Scenarios’ National and Regional Target Achievement VELIKO TARNOVO YearNational targetRegional targetScenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3 201017,00%14,42%38,5149,3151,79 201333,00%34,36%38,7849,6652,15 202050,00% 38,8549,4652,60 XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

18. Total Biodegradable waste in 1995 - tons49.093 Quantity of biodegradable waste allowed for landfilling relative to 1995 BDW quantity Year National Target - BDW allowed to landfillTARGET ACHIEVEMENT - BDW landfilled tons/year % of 1995 BDW quantity Scenario 1Scenario 2 Scenario 3 tons/year% % % 2010 36.82075%17.74536,15%13.86428,24%12.75825,99% 2013 24.54750%18.24337,16%14.24429,01%13.11326,71% 2020 17.18335%19.14238,99%15.07830,71%13.70627,92% National Target Achievement for Biodegradable Waste Allowance to Landfill Veliko Tarnovo Region XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

19. Scenarios’ Economic Evaluation with Dynamic Prime Cost (DPC) Indicator Considered Parameters:  Investment Cost  Operational & Maintenance Cost  Lifetime of Proposed Solution  Ecological Effect (Waste Collection &Treatment) DPC - index of discounted (present) value of all costs at real prices divided by the discounted quantity of waste and thus suitable for comparing different environmental solutions under Net Present Value terms DPC:Dynamic Prime Cost, KIt:Investment expenditures in year t, KEt:Operation & Maintenance costs in year t, EEt:waste collected and treated in year t, i: the discount rate, that was taken 6% per annum n:lifetime of an investment. XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

20. Comparison – Investment Costs vs. Scenario Performance VELIKO TARNOVO REGION XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

21. Dynamic prime Cost (Indicator for Cost Effectiveness) VELIKO TARNOVO REGION Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3 Total Dynamic prime cost 162,94215,57214,19 Dynamic prime cost waste treated 39,6958,2974,57 Dynamic prime cost waste collected / transported 70,0273,5568,43 Dynamic prime cost waste landfilled 53,6861,0862,08 XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

22. Veliko Tarnovo – Dynamic Prime Cost Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3 Total Dynamic prime cost, €/t 67,284,788,4 Decision Making Factors Environmental Technical Social Financial Least cost Best overall performance after Multi-Criteria & Sensitivity Analysis XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

23. SCENARIO 1SCENARIO 2SCENARIO 3 Environmental objectives30%788590 1To ensure prudent use of land and other resources15%82,5084,75 Depletion of resources, such as water and energy30%908075 Necessary landspace20%908580 Diversion of biodegradable waste from landfill25%758590 Rate of material recovery25%759095 2To reduce greenhouse gas emissions15%708090 Greenhouse gases emitted100%708090 3To minimise adverse impacts on air quality and water25%788391 Extent of odour problems20%80 90 Wastewater generation30%90 85 Generation of leachate during the landfilling of the residues50%708095 4To protect local amenity15%80 Extent of noise, litter and vermin problems100%80 5To conform with waste policy and legislation30%80,092,597,5 Diversion of biodegradable waste from landfill50%8595100 Recovery of packaging waste50%759095 Implementation Objectives30%777590 6To ensure absorption of secondary products20%908580 Maturity of market for secondary products (number of recycling companies, potential for compost use in agriculture etc100%908580 7To ensure public acceptance30%708090 Level of public acceptance100%708090 8To ensure public participation30%706095 Level of risk for the public not to participate efficiently in the system100%706095 9To implement optimum systems20%858090 How proven the technologies used are, simplicity and flexibility of system, modular100%858090 Financial Objectives40%9080 10To minimize costs of waste management100%9080 Costs of collection, management, disposal and material and energy revenues100%9080 Score 82,6180,0685,91 Veliko Tarnovo – Overall Performance of Alternative Options

24. Multi-criteria analysis – Veliko Tarnovo The diagram illustrates in linear form the scores of each alternative scenario. The X-axis is the EWF and hence each point determines the FWF as well. The performance of each scenario alters depending on the value of the EWF Option 3 is qualified as the preferred scenario for new waste management system and the further feasibility study is based on it Scenario 1Scenario 2Scenario 3 Environmental / technical performance 86,4689,15100,00 Financial performance 100,0089,00 XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

25. Discussion- Conclusions A basic engineering design has taken place, consisting of:  Technology selection;  Pre-dimensioning of the facilities and calculation of necessary area;  Investment, operational and unit costs for the entire lifetime of the waste management system were identified  Calculation of Discounted Expenditures with the index of Dynamic Prime Cost as €/tn of waste Cost effectiveness of the three scenarios;  Multi-criteria analysis evaluation of the three options, based on environmental, institutional and financial criteria. XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

26. Regional recycling targets set:  Sustainability, better public services and environmental protection through the proposed investments;  Compliance with the National Waste Management Programme 2009-2013;  A long-term, cost-efficient, waste management development plan. XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

27. Veliko Tarnovo Region, Sheremetya Site

28. Updated Investment Cost for Integrated Waste Management Center – VELIKO TARNOVO REGION XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

29. Affordability of project at municipal level  Payments do not exceed 1% of the monthly average income for households  Levski: 172 BGN/tn waste or 90 BGN/household-y;  Borovo: 198 BGN/tn waste or 85,6 BGN/household-y  Veliko Tarnovo: 142 BGN/tn waste or 66,57 BGN/household-y;  Varna: 123 BGN/tn waste or 94,65 BGN/household-y. XI International Symposium WASTE MANAGEMENT – ZAGREB 2010 Zagreb, Croatia, November 25th and 26th 2010

30. THANK YOU!