1. Introduction to Web Authoring Bill Hart-Davidson hartdav2@msu.edu AIM: billhd30 Session 7 www.msu.edu/~hartdav2/wa.html

2. Today in Class… 1. Intro to Web Technology User Assistance project 2. Team & Topic Selection 3. What is User Assistance? 4. Examining UA examples with Wodkte’s First Principles For Next Time: 1.Refine task-oriented topics by trying out your ideas 2.Read Ch. 4 & 5 in Wodtke; and Ch. 12 in Price & Price 3.Information Design for Task-Oriented Communication

3. Web Tech User Assistance Project See project overview at http://www.msu.edu/~hartdav2/wa/webua.html goals of the project deliverables final due date

4. Web Tech UA: goals Building on page design principles, we’ll… examine site design principles, including navigation, visual and verbal design strategies for keeping users oriented Building on your genre analysis skills, we’ll draw on these skills to produce an instance of a popular web genre: user assistance

5. Web Tech UA: deliverables Each 2-3 person team will produce: 1.A User Assistance website 2.A process log

6. Web Tech UA: schedule Dates of interest for the UA project: 9/18 – Project intro 9/20 - Team/topic selection 9/27 – Storyboard review session 10/9 - Informal user tests (scripts finished) 10/16 Marked up UA page for CSS test 10/18 – Live Version Posted 10/23– User Feedback & Revision Plans 10/25 – Final Versions Posted

7. Web Tech UA: topics Your topic must be task-oriented. This means that it should focus on a hands-on, how-to- do-something specific…with a concrete outcome. No demonstrations allowed “Creating a linked style-sheet to control the look and feel of an entire site” “What is Javascript?” “Using Photoshop Filters” GoodBad

8. Web Tech UA: topic ideas Using an FTP client to move files to and from your server space 2 3 4 5 6 7

9. Web Tech UA: teams & topics Teams should consist of 2-3 people. Once your team is organized, you will do the following: 1.Decide on a topic; e-mail it to me and let me know who is on your team 2.Work out a plan for posting team materials, keeping the process log, etc. We will do most of this in class on Thursday 9/20

10. What is User Assistance? A Mini Genre Analysis Background on the UA Genre Authors Readers/Users Format & Features Formality Visuals Range of Variation

11. UA: Background User assistance, aka “help” or “documentation,” is a common genre on the web. UA comes in two predominant flavors: conceptual UA: “what is” information procedureal UA: “how-to” information Most UA includes some of each. Common examples include recipes, software “quick start” guides, and the famous steps on the back of shampoo bottles: wash, rinse, repeat.

12. UA: Authors UA is generally created by those with know-how and those with an interest in (be it financial, humanitarian, or otherwise) providing help to users seeking information. On the web, you can find UA written by manufacturers, by third-party providers, and by users for users in a variety of formats.

13. UA: Users UA is typically targeted to a particular segment of users which fall somewhere on a range from… Novice Expert End user Developer Administrative User …and…

14. UA: Format & Features UA is organized in a task-oriented manner, often in the form of discrete steps which the user follows. Overview of task Pre-reqs Steps 1 through N Troubleshooting Variations Formats can vary quite a bit in length and style, ranging from whole books (e.g. Web Design for Dummies) to user forums where specific queries are made FeaturesFeatures

15. UA: Visuals UA visuals tend to be functional in nature and include text and type elements, graphic elements, diagrams, and pictures. They serve 2 general purposes… To illustrate a procedure or feature To orient the user Arrows that point to the next step, type that distinguishes a “Warning”, numbers for steps examples Arrows that indicate the direction to turn a knob, screen shot highlighting a menu choice

16. UA: Formality The level of formality in UA really depends on the expertise of the audience and how high- stakes the task is. Very precise language and highly-tested procedures will be used in UA for diffusing a bomb. UA given on a user forum for a game website might be considerably less formal & reliable but just as precise and technical for advanced users, etc.

17. UA: Range of Variation ScaleChanges… Novice to Expert Ratio of conceptual to procedural information, amount of technical information, “grain size” of procedures, tone. Low to High Stakes Amount of testing done on information, # of options presented to users, # of points of verification along the way, # of warnings & cautions.

18. UA: Signs of Quality User can understand the information easily and make their way through the procedures without getting lost. Authors let users know ahead of time what the outcome will be, and what they must do to prepare for the task. Authors give users a way to guage progress at every step. And ways to recover from mistakes along the way.

19. Web UA: Signs of Quality 1.Navigating the UA, in itself, is not challenging. 2.Page layout (e.g. the grid), white space, and visual elements help the user do the task. 3.Interactive features are used to give users feedback (e.g. links to before and after versions) 4.Text is short, always follows the given-new contract, and is tightly integrated with visuals.

20. Wodkte’s “first principles” 1.Design for Wayfinding 2.Set expectations / provide feedback 3.Ergonomic Design 4.Be consistent 5.Provide error support – prevent, protect, inform 6.Rely on Recognition rather than recall 7.Provide for people of varying skill levels 8. …uh…well, you shouldn’t need #8 (which is provide good user assistance!)

21. Good Web UA follows Wodkte’s* First Principles 1.Wayfinding 2.Set Expectations/Give Feedback 3.Comfort & Safety 4.Be consistent 5.Error support – prevent, protect, inform 6.Recognition vs. recall 7.Tailored for user skill levels Pick 1 of the 3 examples of WebUA on the class home page and look for evidence of each of the features Wodkte mentions. Is it a quality example of WebUA? From Information Architecture: Blueprints for the Web

22. For Next Time… 1.Try out a web-based tutorial! Find one and use it to make an improvement to your project page. Link to it when you are done. 2.Next class session: peer review of GA reports 3.Next week: Information Design for Task-Oriented Communication 4.Read Zeldman - Ch. 1