1. Class: Aves
Marine Birds

2. Characteristics Depend on the ocean for survival Lightweight bones
Return to land to breed.
Endothermic = create their own body heat
3 Types of feathers:
1- Down = small, fluffy, closest to skin, for warmth.
2- Contour = larger, cover wings and body, for flight.
3- Powder = Repel water, protect the down

3.
Online Bird Guide

4. Bird Orders Class Aves broken into 29 orders
All orders end in –iformes
Ex. Pelecaniformes- Pelicans (totipalmate swimmers)
Ex. Passeriformes- Songbirds

5. Diving Pelagic Birds
Open-ocean birds, spend most of their lives at sea
Puffins, petrels, shearwaters, albatross
Migrate thousands of km each year

6. Large nostrils located in short tubes on sides/top of bill
Spend most of life at sea
Come to land only to breed
Wandering Albatross-Largest wingspan of all living birds (nearly 12 feet)

8. Wandering Albatross

9. Wandering
Albatross
chick

10. Shearwater

11. Penguins Can dive down 800 meters for food
Flightless, marine, pelagic, swimming and diving birds
The Emperor Penguin is the 4ft, 75lb

12. Penguins The most aquatic of all marine birds
15 species (all are in the Southern Hemisphere)
No contour feather (can’t fly)
Thick layer of fat and dense down feathers
Excellent swimmers/divers
Eyes adapted for underwater vision
Both males and females take care of watching the egg and chicks

13. Babies
Adelie Penguins
Emperor Penguins

14. Rockhopper Penguin
King Penguins

15. Penguin

16. Totipalmate Swimmers All 4 toes are webbed
Pelicans, Gannets, Cormorants& Frigatebirds
Some breathe through their mouth (nasal openings are closed)

17. American White Pelican

18. Blue-footed
Booby

19. Long-legged Waders
Herons, Egrets, Ibises, Spoonbills, Storks & Vultures
Herons & Egrets have S shaped neck in flight

20. Herons &
Egrets
have S shaped
neck in flight

21. Storks hold neck extended in flight

22. Bird populations decreased because of plume hunters (1902-1903)
Fashionable for women to wear feathers in their hats
4 birds=1 ounce ($32/oz)

23. 1,608 packages of plumes in a commercial sales room in 1902
Each package weighed 30 oz totaling 48,240 oz
Required the lives of 192,960 herons

25. Flamingos
Pink plumage due to carotenoids obtained from food, cyanobacteria
Most unusual feature is the bent bill held upside down to feed

26. At one time occurred naturally in the state of Florida
Nest made on a cone shaped pedestal of mud
Young swim day of hatching

27. Flamingo

28. Marsh birds Crane, Coots & Moorhens
Losing more species of birds than any major order of birds
The Whooping Crane is the tallest American bird

29. Whooping
Crane &
chick

30. Sandhill
Crane
-More
commonly
seen

31. Roseate Spoonbill

32. Shorebirds Much diversity Divers, skimmers, waders
Lakes, coastal waters, beaches, meadows

33. Shorebirds Sandpiper – narrow, pointed bill
Snowy egret – long, flexible neck
Roseate Spoonbill
Sea ducks
Sea Gull - scavengers

35. American Avocet

36. Diurnal Birds of Prey Hawks, Eagles, Kites & Ospreys
Have short, decurved hooked beaks
Excellent eyesight
Feed on birds, mammals, fish or reptiles

37. Osprey

38. Kingfishers Large heads with spearlike bills
Dive straight into water for fish

39. Belted Kingfisher

40. Perching Birds All the Songbirds
Ex. Cardinals, Jays, Wrens, Warblers, etc.
Includes Loggerhead Shrike & Florida Scrub Jay

41. Feather Anatomy

42. What is preening?
Definition: Preening is the process by which birds groom and care for their feathers. When a bird is preening, she uses her beak to pick through her feathers -- removing any debris, arranging feathers that are out of place, and distributing a special oil that is secreted from a gland at the base of the tail. This oil helps a bird's feathers stay healthy and shiny.