1. ITALY: BIRTHPLACE OF THE RENAISSANCE

2. KEY TERMS  Renaisssance  Humanism  Secular  Patron  Perspective  Vernacular

3. ITALY’S ADVANTAGES Renaissance means rebirth lasted from 1300-1600 Bring back life of culture of classical Greece and Rome 3 advantages – Thriving cities – Wealthy merchant class – Classical heritage of Greece and Rome

4. CITY-STATES Overseas trade from the Crusades helped cities to grow Northern Italy was urban most of Europe was rural Cities people exchange ideas, breeding ground for intellectual revolution

5. CITY-STATES  1300’s Bubonic plaque struck cities hard  Fewer laborers  Demand higher wages  Merchants began to pursue the arts

6. MERCHANTS AND THE MEDICI Wealthy merchant class developed Merchants dominated politics Merchants did not inherit social rank Wealthy merchants believed they deserved power Individual achievement was key

7. MERCHANTS AND THE MEDICI 1200’s Florence had a republican form of government Medici were a banking family Cosimo de Medici was the wealthiest European 1453 won control of Florence’s government

8. MERCHANTS AND THE MEDICI  Did not seek political office  He influenced others by giving them loans  Lorenzo de Medici was his grandson ruled as a dictator

9. LOOKING AT GREECE AND ROME Looked down at the art and literature of the Middle Ages Wanted a return to Greek and Roman learning Drew inspiration from the ruins of Rome Western scholars studied ancient Latin manuscripts

10. CLASSICS LEAD TO HUMANISM Humanism- intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievement Humanists studied Christian teachings through Greek values Study of subjects of classical education History, literature, philosophy

11. WORLDLY PLEASURES  Humanists suggested that humans could enjoy life without offending God  Wealthy enjoyed material luxuries, good music, fine foods  Most people remained devout Catholics

12. WORLDLY PLEASURES  Secular-worldly rather than spiritual.  People lived in mansions, threw lavish parties, wore expensive clothes

13. PATRONS OF THE ARTS Church leaders beautified Rome Spent huge amounts of money on the arts Patrons-financially supporting artists Renaissance merchants and wealthy families were patrons of the arts Public display of wealth

14. THE RENAISSANCE MAN  Writer said that all educated people were expected to create art  Baldassare Castiglione wrote a book called the Courtier  Dance, sing  Play music write poetry  Skilled rider, wrestler and swordsman

15. THE RENAISSANCE WOMAN  Upper class women should know  The classics  Be charming  Not expected to seek fame  Inspire art not create  Isabella d’ Este led her husbands city state

16. THE RENAISSANCE REVOLUTIONIZES ART  Portrayed religious subjects but in a real way  Copied from Greeks and the Romans  Perspective-shows three dimensions on a flat surface

17. REALISTIC PAINTING AND SCULPTURE  Paint prominent citizens  Revealed what was distinctive about a person  Michelangelo Buonarrotti- sculpted using realistic style

18. DONATELLO  Made sculpture more realistic by sculpting natural postures, and expression  His David was the first free standing nude in Europe since ancient times

19. LEONARDO RENAISSANCE MAN  Leonardo da Vinci-painter, sculptor, artist, inventor, scientist  Studied how muscles moved  Veins in a leaf  Painted the Mona Lisa seems real people try and explain her thoughts

20. LAST SUPPER

21. RAPHAEL ADVANCES REALISM  Madonna and child was his favorite subject  Expressions of gentle and calm  Famous for use of perspective  School of Athens greatest achievement

22. SCHOOL OF ATHENS

23. ANGUISSOLA AND GENTILESCHI  Few Italian women were artists  Anguissola was the first woman to gain international acclaim  Gentileschi- trained to paint by her father  Pictures of strong heroic women

24. RENAISSANCE WRITERS CHANGE LITERATURE  Wrote in the vernacular or everyday language  Wrote to portray the individuality of subjects  Petrarch most influential humanist  Father of Renaissance humanism  Boccaccio-wrote letter to many important friends  Realistic off color stories

25. NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI  Prince 1513  People are selfish, fickle, and corrupt  Prince must be strong like a lion and shrewd as a fox  Did not worry about morally right he worried about politically right

26. NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI  Praiseworthy for prince to keep his word and live with integrity  Prince must sometimes mislead people

27. VICTORIA COLONNA  Born of a noble family 1509  Exchanged sonnets with Michelangelo and helped Castiglione get published  Renaissance ideas began to spread north from Italy