1. 1 The Rwandan Mining Sector February 2014

2. I. Geologic context 2 The Kibaran belt Simplified geology map of Rwanda

3. Key minerals mined in Rwanda 3

4. Minerals mined in the past 4 Beryl (radiation windows for X-ray tubes, military applications) Spodumene (source of lithium for use in ceramics, mobile phone ) Monazite (source of lanthanum, and cerium for use in batteries for hybrid automobiles) Amblygonite (source of lithium for use in ceramics, mobile phone)

5. III. Current status (Exports) 5 Year Earnings (M US$)Volume (Tons) 19996.9943 200012.61,012 200142.62,102 200215.92,083 200311.12,599 200429.35,082 200537.36,465 200637.06,187 200770.68,283 200894.07,364 200954.67,960 201071.08,406 2011158.09,697 2012136.37588 2013228.38,188

6. 6 Export earnings (99-2013) in Million U$D Export volumes (99-2013) in tons Target 14/15: -$285M -10,000tons

7.  In 2013:  Minerals contributed 67 % of principal export;  The sector directly employed at least 28,000 people  Currently there are over 548 mining sites in the country, operated by 231 mining companies and cooperatives;  23 companies are dealing in mineral trading and exporting; Some figures 7

8. V. Reforms and programs (14 to 17/18) 8 PillarsObjectives Strengthen the legal and regulatory -Mining Law of 2008 being amended; -Improvement of the mineral fiscal regime; -Setting up a modern mining cadastre -Improving Environment and OHS in mines Raise knowledge on national mineral potential -Acquisition of new primary geology data; - Develop mineral research projects by private & public sector; Develop skills -Capacity building (Long & Short time course, TVET diploma, SCBI) -Training of mine workers Raise productivity -Conducive competitive investment environment; -Improving the mineral recovery rate; Diversification and value addition -Increase varieties of minerals mined in the country; -Support and encourage establishment of value addition centers

9. Important aspect of the new Mining Code 9 Exploration license (4 years renewable once) Mining license (from 5 to 25 years depending on the size of operations and nature of deposit; all renewable) Mining Licenses 4% base metals 6% precious stones and metals Royalties Exploration: 400 ha each bloc, unlimited number Mining license: bloc can be 50, 100 or 400 ha, unlimited number. Depends on size of deposit and investment Size of blocs

10. The new Mining Cadastre and Gridding system 10

11. Current situation (Rutsiro Ngororero) 11

12. Zoom in 12

13. Way forward

14. Mineral certification mechanism 14 Regional Initiative on the fight against Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources Export Certificate

15. VI. New discoveries 15

16. 11 New delineated prospective areas 16 Discovered gold resources of more than 775,000 ounces (22tons)

17. Discoveries from recent GoR funded survey Proposed activities:  geological mapping,  geochemical soil grid,  TDEM/IP geophysics,  6 deep drillings in anomalous zones. Copper Assumed mineralisation type: Polymetallic and Gold-Quartz veins Exploration Target N2N3-8 (85.1 km²) Gossan material Zinc Cobalt Mn Barium Silver Gold

18. Discoveries from recent GoR funded survey Proposed activities:  geochemical soil grid,  5 pits / shallow drillings in anomalous zones. Ta-Nb-Sn-W Important indications:  Ta, Sn, As, Li, Nb, W in stream sediments,  rock samples indicate Ta, Sn, Be, Cs, Li, Nb, Rb, Y in pegmatites. Assumed mineralisation type:  Pegmatites (Ta-Nb-Sn) and Quartz veins with Sn-W Exploration Target N2N3-2 (77.6 km²) Pegmatite mining in Remera

19. MURAKOZE