1. ‘Proper words in proper places, make the true definition of a style’
Jonathan Swift, Letter to a young clergyman

2. End-focus ‘is based on the general fact that different parts of utterances have different communicative values … and that normally new or important information is reserved for the end … e.g. Good food costs less at Sainsbury’s’ Katie Wales, Dictionary of Stylistics, p. 144

3. Ours was the marsh country
??The marsh country was ours

4. End-weight: ‘…complex or “heavy” constituents will tend to follow simpler or lighter ones.’ Katie Wales, Dictionary of Stylistics, p. 145

5. Ours was the marsh country, down by the river, within, as the river wound, twenty miles of the sea.
??The marsh country, down by the river, within, as the river wound, twenty miles of the sea, was ours.

6. The small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it all and beginning to cry, was Pip.
??Pip was the small bundle of shivers growing afraid of its all and beginning to cry.

7. … that this bleak place overgrown with nettles was
… that this bleak place overgrown with nettles was the churchyard; and that Philip Pirrip, late of this parish, and also Georgiana wife of the above, were dead and buried; and that Alexander, Bartholomew, Abraham, Tobias, and Roger, infant children of the aforesaid, were dead and buried; and that the dark flat wilderness beyond the churchyard, intersected with dykes and mounds and gates, with scattered cattle feeding on it, was the marshes;

8. and that the low leaden line beyond
was the river;
and that the distant savage lair from which the wind was rushing
was the sea
and that the small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it all and beginning to cry,
was Pip.

9. the sea the marshes Ours was the marsh country, down by the river
the dark flat wilderness
the distant savage lair...
the small bundle of shivers...
NP1 was NP2

10. that dark flat wilderness beyond the churchyard... was “the marshes”

11. Viewpoints The viewpoint of the author (Dickens) addressing the reader
The viewpoint of the adult Pip
The viewpoint of the young Pip

12. The end approaches……….
The end is here.