1. The Graviton Equations By Robert de Hilster NPA Conference 2008 Albuquerque, NM

2. Wikipedia.com Is gravity like other forces? Because it does not depend on a particular space time background, general relativity is said to be background independent. In contrast the Standard Model (particle physics) is not background independent. In other words general relativity and the Standard Model are incompatible. A theory of quantum gravity is needed to reconcile these differences.

3. Quantum Versus Continuum Newton’s gravity equation and General Relativity describe a continuum Can a continuum generate force (? my own question) This research is to try and show the difference between a continuum and a quantum force of gravity The quantum is defined here as a graviton

4. Four Postulates The Graviton – A particle with mass and velocity coming from all directions Absorption Rate – Matter absorbs the graviton per unit distance Pushing Force – the graviton imparts a pushing force on matter when absorbed Absorption Constant (Abc) – Absorption rate is proportional to density, hence: Ab(e) = Ab(c) * De

5. How the graviton causes gravity

6. Terms Np: The Number of paths, 64,800 Ng: The number of gravitons per path, 1 Ab(e): The absorption rate for the earth Z(e): The distance that the graviton travels through the earth

7. The Number of Gravitons Imposed on the Moon in one Plane

8. Include all Planes The Net Number of Gravitons Imposed on the Moon

9. To Get the Force Zm: Distance the graviton travels through the moon Abm: The absorption rate of the moon Fg: The average force, in Newtons, that the graviton imposes on any object

10. The Force Imposed on the Moon

11. The Graviton Equation

12. The Absorption Constant The absorption rate is equal to the Absorption constant times the density of the object Abe = Abc * De Abm = Abc * Dm Abc must have units of m^2/Kg, if (1-Ze*Abc*De) is to be dimensionless

13. The Graviton Equation with Density

14. Mathematical Calculations Using an arbitrary-length precision math package (C++) on a PC Using 150 decimal places Summing values to zero were zero Similar areas gave identical values Graviton calculations have very large counts with very small values Calculations can take up to 3 days on a PC

15. Calculations Np = 64,800 = 180 * 360 Abc = 1E-25 (arbitrary) Fg = 1(used as a scaling factor) What is the force on the Moon?

16. Force on the Moon

17. Particle or Continuum As a particle, with mass and velocity it: –can impose a force on matter –can be absorbed –takes finite space As a continuum it –needs a mechanism to impose force

18. Gravitational Acceleration From a Physics Book Altitude (m)g (m/sec^2) 09.80171 5009.80017 10009.79864 20009.79554 40009.78937 80009.77702 160009.75233 320009.70296

19. Curve for g, 8 Data Points

20. Curve for g, 20 data points

21. How can the curves be so Similar? Similar Curves Different Equations

22. Newton’s Third letter to Bentley That gravity should be innate, inherent and essential to matter, so that one body may act upon another at a distance through a vacuum, without the mediation of anything else, by and through which their action and force may be conveyed from one to another, is to me so great an absurdity, that I believe that no man who has in philosophical matters a competent faculty for thinking, can ever fall into it.