1. Classification Notes 7th grade Hlinka Science

2. What is classification?? Grouping according to similar characteristics All Living Things are Classified !!

3. Ex. Different places in the kitchen for plates, cups, silverware, etc… Ex. Different places in the kitchen for plates, cups, silverware, etc… Movies, music, people… Everything Movies, music, people… Everything Everyone uses classification all the time, not just biologists. Everyone uses classification all the time, not just biologists. How do you use classification?

4. The science of classifying organisms The science of classifying organisms Who is the founder of the classification system we use today? Who is the founder of the classification system we use today? Taxonomy

5. The scientist who invented our system of taxonomy we use today. The scientist who invented our system of taxonomy we use today. It is called a hierarchical classification. It is called a hierarchical classification. He used Latin to describe species, which is what we still use today (that is why we italicize scientific names!) He used Latin to describe species, which is what we still use today (that is why we italicize scientific names!) Carlos Linnaeus

6. Linnaeus vs. Today Linnaeus grouped plants based on reproductive characteristics Linnaeus grouped plants based on reproductive characteristics Now we group plants based on phylogeny Now we group plants based on phylogeny Phylogeny=Evolutionary history, or how the plants are related by genetic analysis Phylogeny=Evolutionary history, or how the plants are related by genetic analysis We use genetics to figure out how plants are related. We use genetics to figure out how plants are related. In Linnaeus’s day, scientists did not know what evolution was or what DNA and genetics was. In Linnaeus’s day, scientists did not know what evolution was or what DNA and genetics was. This is how science works! This is how science works!

7. COMMUNICATION !! COMMUNICATION !! Why do we need classification?

8. Scientists can not communicate if they can not understand one another. Gato - Spanish Chat - French Katze - German Cat - English

9. Hierarchical Classification It starts very broad and gets more specific It starts very broad and gets more specific 7 hierarchies in our system: 7 hierarchies in our system: KingdomVery broad KingdomVery broad Phylum (Division) Phylum (Division) Class Class Order Order Family Family Genus Genus SpeciesVery specific SpeciesVery specific

10. REMEMBER!!! Kings Prefer Coke Over Flavored Grape soda Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species

11. The 6 Kingdoms Kingdoms are the largest division-all organisms are in one of the 6 kingdoms Kingdoms are the largest division-all organisms are in one of the 6 kingdoms Animals Animals Animals Plants Plants Plants Fungi Fungi Fungi Protists Protists Protists Eubacteria Eubacteria Eubacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria

12. Six Kingdom Model Archebacteria Eubacteria

13. Archaebacteria: most live in extreme conditions - very hot, acidic/basic, sulfurous, etc.

14. Eubacteria: True Bacteria

15. Protists Amoeba Paramecium Giardia Water MoldSlime Mold Euglena Dinoflagellates Diatom Brown AlgaeGreen Algae

16. Fungi

17. Plant Bryophyte (Moss) Pteridophyte (Fern) Coniferophytes (Pine Trees) Angiosperm; Dicot Angiosperm; Monocot

18. KINGDOM: ANIMALIA

20. Let’s classify... Here is the classification for a Lion Here is the classification for a Lion Kingdom: Animalia (animal kingdom) Kingdom: Animalia (animal kingdom) Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrates) Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (mammals) Class: Mammalia (mammals) Order: Carnivora (carnivores) Order: Carnivora (carnivores) Family: Felidae (cats) Family: Felidae (cats) Genus: Panthera Genus: Panthera Species: Panthera leo Species: Panthera leo

21. Remember !! Here is the classification for a Lion Here is the classification for a Lion Kingdom: Animalia (animal kingdom) Kingdom: Animalia (animal kingdom) Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrates) Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (mammals) Class: Mammalia (mammals) Order: Carnivora (carnivores) Order: Carnivora (carnivores) Family: Felidae (cats) Family: Felidae (cats) Genus: Panthera Genus: Panthera Species: Panthera leo Species: Panthera leo ALL LEVELS ARE CAPITOLIZED EXCEPT THE species name Only Genus and species are italicized

22. Animals can belong to same Genus, but not species Dog - Canis familiaris Wolf - Canis lupis Coyote - Canis latians

23. Dichotomous keys What is a dichotomous key? What is a dichotomous key? A step-by-step guide to identify an organism A step-by-step guide to identify an organism Each step gives a choice of two descriptions. Each step gives a choice of two descriptions. The descriptions have to be opposites The descriptions have to be opposites Ex. Leaves round vs. leaves not round Ex. Leaves round vs. leaves not round

24. http://www.glencoe.com/sec/science/activities/bdol/dragdrop/BDOL17.html?iRef =17&iChapter=17&book=bio2000 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/classifying-life.html http://www.oplin.org/tree/index.html Try your hand…