1. Chapter 15 Body Mechanics Health Tech 1

2. Objectives Define the key terms in this chapter
Explain the purpose and rules of body mechanics
Explain how ergonomics can prevent workplace accidents
Identify the causes, signs, and symptoms of back injuries
Identify comfort and safety measures for lifting, turning, and moving persons in bed
Explain how to safely perform transfers
Explain why body alignment and position changes are important
Identify the comfort and safety measures for positioning a person
Position persons in the basic bed positions and in a chair
Perform the procedures described in this chapter

3. BODY MECHANICS
Body mechanics means using the body in an efficient and careful way to reduce the risk of injury.
Body alignment (posture) is the way the head, trunk, arms, and legs are aligned with one another.
All activities require good body mechanics.
Good alignment is necessary when standing, sitting, or lying down.

4. principles of body mechanics
base of support is needed for balance.
Stand with your feet apart for a wider base of support and
more balance.
strongest and largest muscles are in the shoulders, upper arms, hips,and thighs.
Use these muscles to lift and move heavy objects.
Using small muscles to lift and move heavy objects causes fatigue and injury.
Back injuries are a major risk.
Bend your knees and squat to lift a heavy object.
Hold items close to your body and your base of support.

5. APPLICATION #1
View each manikin and identify what is wrong with the body position of the manikin. Record your observations on a piece of paper. After all groups have finished with observations we will review the answers.

6. ERGONOMICS
Ergonomics is the science of designing the job to fit the worker.
The goal is to prevent serious and disabling work-related musculoskeletal disorders or(MSDs).

7. ERGONOMICS -MSDs
MSDs are injuries and disorders of the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and cartilage
1. The nervous system is also involved.
2. The arms and back are often affected.
can develop slowly or occur from one event.
MSDs are serious workplace health hazards.

8. ERGONOMICS -MSDs Signs and symptoms include:
Pain when trying to assume a normal posture
Decreased mobility
Pain when standing or rising from a seated position

9. ERGONOMICS -MSDs factors leading to back disorders:
Reaching while lifting
Poor posture when sitting or standing
Staying in one position too long
Poor body mechanics when lifting, pushing, pulling, or
carrying objects
Poor physical condition
Repeated lifting of awkward items, equipment, or persons

10. ERGONOMICS -MSDs Bending while lifting Maintaining a bent posture
Twisting while lifting
Bending while lifting
Maintaining a bent posture
Heavy lifting
Fatigue
Poor footing, such as on slippery floors
Lifting with forceful movement

11. POSITIONING THE PERSON
WHAT’S
WRONG
WITH THIS
PICTURE??

12. POSITIONING THE PERSON
PROPERLY POSITIONED AT ALL TIMES
COMFORT
BREATHING EASIER
PROMOTION OF CIRCULATION
PREVENTION OF PRESSURE ULCERS
PREVENTION OF ATROPHY AND CONTRACTURES

13. POSITIONING THE PERSON
FOWLER’S POSITION
SUPINE POSITION
PRONE POSITION
LATERAL POSITION
SIMS’ POSITION
CHAIR POSITION

14. CHAPTER 16: MOVING AND TRANSFERRING THE PERSON
HEALTH TECH 1
MRS. CARPENTER

15. Turning and Repositioning
Turn schedules
Move from bed to chair, stretcher or toilet
TRANSFER=moving the person from one place to another.

16. Preventing work-related Injuries
OSHA recommendations
Manual lifting be minimized in all cases
Manual lifting be eliminated if possible
Moving a person safely is determined by the health team
Dependence level (box 16-2)
Amount of assistance needed
Procedure to use
Equipment needed

17. LIFTING AND MOVING PERSONS IN BED
Differing abilities of patients
self
two or three people
mechanical lift
Comfort and safety are a priority
Protect the skin during lifting and moving.

18. LIFTING AND MOVING PERSONS IN BED
improperly moving causes
Friction
rubbing of one surface against another
Shearing
skin sticks to a surface and muscles slide

19. LIFTING AND MOVING PERSONS IN BED
Reduce friction and shearing
roll or lift the person.
use Turn sheets or special turning pads
Ask co-workers to help before starting the procedure.
Cover and screen the person to protect the right to privacy.
Protect tubes or drainage containers connected to the person.

20. Procedures Raising the person’s head and shoulders
Moving the person up in bed
for good alignment and comfort.
move children up in bed alone.
lightweight adults up in bed alone with trapeze.
using a lift sheet with help is best
two workers are needed to move heavy, weak, and very old persons up in bed.

21. Procedures Moving the person up in bed with a lift sheet
easier with co-worker help
Friction and shearing are reduced
The procedure is used for:
those who cannot move themselves
unconscious or paralyzed
spinal cord surgery or spinal cord injuries
Older persons

22. APPLICATION #2 Raising the person’s head and shoulders.
Moving the person up in bed
Moving the person up in bed with a lift sheet
Moving the person to the side of the bed

23. TURNING PERSONS Persons are turned toward or away from you.
depends on the person’s condition and the situation.
Turning persons onto their sides
prevent complications from bed rest
After turning
position the person in good alignment.
Use Pillows to support the person.

24. Logrolling turning as a unit, in alignment ,one motion
the spine is kept straight.
Procedure used for:
Older persons with arthritic spines or knees
Persons who are recovering from hip fractures
Persons with spinal cord injuries
Persons who are recovering from spinal surgery
Two or three staff members are needed.
A turn sheet is sometimes used.

25. TURNING TOWARD TURNING AWAY LOGROLLING
APPLICATION #3
TURNING TOWARD
TURNING AWAY
LOGROLLING

26. SITTING ON THE SIDE OF THE BED (DANGLING)
Purpose
increase activity in stages.
after surgery.
coughs
deep breathes
moves the legs in circles
Two staff members may be needed.
If dizziness or fainting occurs, lay the person down.
older adult may become dizzy or faint when getting up too fast.

27. TRANSFERRING PERSONS moving the person from one place to another.
by one, two, or three person lifts
Applying transfer belts
supports persons who are unsteady or disabled
Helps prevent falls and other injuries
Applied to the waist to support the person
used for walking with a person.

28. Applying a Transfer Belt
Rules
Place buckle on the side or toward back.
Ensure proper tightness
Apply over clothing
Remove when procedure is complete

29. Bed-to-chair or wheelchair transfers
The procedure depends on
the person’s abilities
Condition
size.
If the person cannot assist, a mechanical lift is used.
For hemiplegia transfer on strong side
wheelchair cushions or positioning devices May be used
to prevent pressure ulcers
Maintain posture
prevent the person from sliding forward.
Ask the nurse how to properly use and place the devices.

30. APPLY A GAIT BELT TRANSFER FROM BED TO WHEELCHAIR
APPLICATION #4
APPLY A GAIT BELT
TRANSFER FROM BED TO WHEELCHAIR

31. Reposition in a chair or Wheelchair
Considerations
Alignment and safety
Ability of the person
Mechanical lift
Reclining chair
See page 270

32. APPLICATION
WORKBOOK #1-85