1. The Role of Theory Theory: an orderly system of knowledge(Oxford Dictionary) “ a thing may be true in theory but not in practice” A common language for determining what counts as a valid proposition or empirical test

2. Valid propositions: Individuals reasons Individual approach. 120 interviews collected- results indicated why police had joined the NSW police: their personal reasons

4. Empirical test:social structures Doing police work – individual behaviour Record of actual police work conducted: no of arrests, the outcomes to those arrests and the pattern of police work in numerical form.

5. Model of repeated behaviour Individual decision making Ignore offence? Stop Offender

7. Strain Theory Limited opportunities and competing priorities. Behaviours that develop or are learned in response to such stressors Police need to use discretion to decide what offences to ignore, act on by a warning or arrest. NEXT SLIDE IS A MODEL OF ARREST PROCEDURES

9. Conflict Theory Some groups are labeled more than others Discriminatory Practices: gender class, age and race. COURT PROCESS DESCRIBED IN NEXT MODEL

11. Environmental Factors Forces beyond the individuals control: FOR POLICE their work environment. Command and control structure External demands for reform Individual decision making to conform or to be different?