1. 14:3 Life on the Home Front – Businesses hire minorities and women – “Rosie the Riveter”

2. 14:3 African-Americans – Not hired by defense contractors – Demand changes – Roosevelt issues Executive Order 8802 (June, 1941) First civil rights agency created by federal government since Reconstruction (1870s) Forbids discrimination in defense work

3. 14:3 Bracero Program – bracero = “worker” – Government hires 200,000 Mexican workers Harvest fruit and vegetables

4. 14:3 A Nation on the Move – Wartime economy creates millions of jobs – Many people move to south Creation of the “Sunbelt”

5. 14:3 The Housing Crisis – War industries cities lack housing – Roosevelt creates National Housing Agency (NHA) Provides prefabricated houses

6. 14:3 Great Migration starts up again – Massive movement of African-Americans north Riots in some northern cities – Detroit, June 20, 1943 Belle Isle 25 African-Americans killed 9 whites killed

7. 14:3 The Zoot Suit Riots – Southern California – Racism against Mexican-Americans 2,500 soldiers and sailors attack Mexican-Americans

8. 14:3 Japanese-American Relocation – Many Americans on west coast turn against Japanese immigrants – Roosevelt allows military to designate parts of the country a “military zone” – People with Japanese ancestry forced into internment camps

9. 14:3 Legal Action Against Internment – Korematsu v United States (Dec 1944) – Supreme Court ruled internment was constitutional Not based on race, but military urgency – Ex Parte Endo Supreme Court ruled Americans cannot be held against their will End of internment camps

10. 14:3 Cost of the War – $300 billion – more money than the government spent in total between 1787 to 1940 – Office of Price Administration (OPA) “rationing” – Limiting use of goods and materials