1. Notes 12-3 The Moon

2. What is the Moon? A natural satellite The only moon of the planet Earth

3. Location, location, location! About 384,000 km (240,000 miles) from Earth 3,476 km (2,155 miles) in diameter (about ¼ the size of Earth)

4. The Moon’s Size The moon is 3,476 km in diameter, a little less than the distance across the United States.

5. Birth of the Moon First Stage Moon originally was once part of the Earth. Scientists believe a very large body hit the Earth early in its development, throwing a huge amount of debris into orbit. Debris eventually was influence by Earth’s gravity and formed the moon we have today.

6. Second Stage After forming a sphere, the surface of the moon was covered by molten rock. Eventually, this mix of rock separated. Third Stage The outer surface of the moon cooled, forming a crust. Craters started to form from the constant bombardment by meteoroids. Meteoroids decreased Moon cooled completely Moon changed little in 3 billion years

7. The Moon’s Surface No atmosphere No liquid water Extreme temperatures –Daytime = 130  C (265°F) –Nighttime = -190  C (-310  F) 1/6 Earth’s gravity

8. The Moon’s Surface Features on the moon’s surface include maria, craters, and highlands.

9. Highlands Mountains up to 7500 m (25,000 ft) tall Light colored features

10. Craters Bowl shaped depressions Up to 2500 km (1,553 miles) across Most formed by meteorite impact on the Moon Some formed by volcanic action inside the Moon

11. Maria Originally thought to be “seas” by early astronomers Darkest parts of moon Hardened rock formed from huge lava flows 3-4 billion years ago

12. Maria Craters

13. Movements of the Moon Orbit is an ellipse, not circular Revolution – Moon orbits the Earth every 27 1/3 days Same side of Moon always faces Earth

14. Far Side of the Moon First seen by Luna 3 Russian space probe in 1959 Surface features different from near side –More craters –Very few maria –Thicker crust

15. It’s Just a Phase Moonlight is reflected sunlight Half the moon’s surface is always reflecting light From Earth we see different amounts of the Moon’s lit surface The amount seen is called a “phase”

16. Waxing and Waning New moon Waxing Crescent moon First Quarter moon Waxing Gibbous moon Full moon Waning Gibbous moon Third Quarter moon Waning Crescent moon New moon

17. FULL QUARTER CRESCENT GIBBOUS FOUR MAIN SHAPES

18. Lunar Eclipses Moon moves into Earth’s shadow – this shadow darkens the Moon About 2-3 per year Last up to 4 hours Only during full moon

19. Lunar Eclipse During a lunar eclipse, Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon’s surface.

20. Solar Eclipses New Moon moves between Earth and Sun Moon casts a shadow on part of the Earth Total eclipses rare – only once every 360 years from one location!

21. Solar Eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes directly between Earth and the sun, blocking sunlight from Earth.

22. Annular Solar Eclipse May 20, 2012 http://youtu.be/w806rVCEh50

23. Exploring the Moon 1950s to 1960s - probes Neil Armstrong First man on the Moon – July 20, 1969 Six Apollo missions (1969-1972) 12 Americans have walked on the moon Possibly send people to moon again in 2018

25. Extra Credit for Astronomy Test: Go to the website nasa.gov Find a topic that you are interested in and print out the information. Write a ½ page summary of the information that you find, and ½ page of why you find this topic interesting and what other questions do you have regarding the topic. 5 points Due Wednesday