1. Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W
Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Integrated Manufacturing Segment A Topic: Definition and Key Concepts 1 and 2

2. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Copyright John W. Nazemetz Duplication without written permission is strictly prohibited.
ADVANCED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS DESIGN Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Definition and
Key Concepts 1 and 2
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

3. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Definition
Systems which enable the integrated, rationalized design, development, implementation, operation and improvement of production facilities and their output over the life cycle of the product. These systems identify and use appropriate technology to achieve their goals at minimum cost and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

4. Initial Reaction to Definition
Long Definition
Quite a Mouthful?
A Long List of Adjectives and Nouns
Trying to be Too Encompassing?
Lot of “Buzz-Words”
What Does It Really Mean?
Need to Break into Components to Understand the Concepts
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

5. Key Concept in CIM Definition (1)
Systems which enable the integrated, rationalized, design, development, implementation, operation and improvement of production facilities and their output over the life cycle of the product. These systems identify and use appropriate technology to achieve their goals at minimum cost and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

6. What is Integrated and Rationalized??
Operational Concept
Physical Concept
Manufacturing Concept
Maintenance Concept
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

7. Operational Concept for Part/Design
Function(s)
Factors of Safety
Quality
Service Life
Maintenance
Competition
...
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

8. Physical Concept for Part/Design
Form/Features
Existing Forms
Precision/Process Capabilities
Excess/Available Capacity
Materials in Use
Embody All Concepts …
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

9. Manufacturing Concept for Part/Design
Volume
Variance
Precision
Existing Products
Existing Facilities
Existing and Evolving Production Technology …
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

10. Maintenance Concept for Part/Design
Authority
Configuration Management
Responsibility
Customer Expectations
Available Skills and Tools …
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

11. Key Concepts in CIM Definition (2)
Systems which enable the integrated, rationalized design, development, implementation, operation and improvement of production facilities and their output over the life cycle of the product. These systems identify and use appropriate technology to achieve their goals at minimum cost and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

12. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
What is “Design”?
Set of Activities
Define Requirements (All Viewpoints)
Conceptualize Candidate Solutions to Meet Each Requirement
Analyze Concepts
Operational Feasibility
Synthesis of Concepts into Alternatives
Analysis of Alternatives
Gather Data
Quantify Using Same Basis, Customer Viewpoint
Select “Current Best” Solution/Solutions
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

13. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
What is “Development”?
Addition of Details to Initial Design Concepts (Reduction of Uncertainty)
Geometric Model(s)
Simulation and Analysis
Prototyping and Testing
Product Configuration
Facility Configuration
Personnel and Support Organization
Operation
Maintenance
Disposal
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

14. Development Occurs Until Implementation
Copyright John W. Nazemetz Duplication without written permission is strictly prohibited.
Development Occurs Until Implementation
Concepts are Continuously (Re)Analyzed in Light of the New Data and New Viewpoints Concerning the Product and Its Production
Developers Must Be Willing to Reconceptualize
Continues Until Reasonably Certain that Design Will “Work” or Available Time/$ Exhausted and Risk Is Taken/Avoided
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

15. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Implementation
Begins When Design is “Frozen” and the Contractual Arrangements for Securing of Production Facilities are Made
Continues until First Acceptable Products are Produced via the Facilities for Delivery to Customers
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

16. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Operation
Product
Done by the Consumer
Requirement Definitions and Functionality Tested
As Stand Alone Product
As Part of a Product
New Requirements Fed-Back
Production Facilities
Done by Manufacturer
Actual Results Compared to Design Predictions
Unanticipated Results Identified
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

17. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Copyright John W. Nazemetz Duplication without written permission is strictly prohibited.
Improvement
Improvement is “Design-Development-Implement” Based on “Real World” Experience Rather than Conjecture and Prototype
Often Done in “Spurts”, Frequency Is Strategic Decision
Limited by Cost to Change Physical Facilities and Inability to Abandon Investments (Financial and Emotional)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

18. Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W
Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems Segment A Topic: Definition and Key Concepts 1 and 2 END OF SEGMENT

19. Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W
Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems Segment B Topic: Definition and Key Concepts 3 through 6

20. Definition Key Concepts Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Copyright John W. Nazemetz Duplication without written permission is strictly prohibited.
ADVANCED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS DESIGN Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems:
Definition Key Concepts
3 through 6
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

21. Key Concepts in CIM Definition (3)
Systems which enable the integrated, rationalized design, development, implementation, operation and improvement of production facilities and their output over the life cycle of the product. These systems identify and use appropriate technology to achieve their goals at minimum cost and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

22. Entire Life Cycle Must Be Covered
“What is to Be”
“Initial Production”
“Improvement”
“Sustainment”
Reduction in Volume
Changes in Suppliers, Environment, Use
Several Improvement/Sustainment Cycles Likely
“Disposal”
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

23. Evolution of a Product Product “Life Cycles” Run Concurrently
Product Development Life Cycle
Product
Concept
Design
Product
Manufacture
Product
Test/Accept
Product
Deploy
Product
Product Operation Life Cycle
Operational
Concept
Operational
Requirements
Define Standard
Operation
Procedures
Train
Operators
Operate
Product
Withdraw
Product
Product Support Life Cycle
Support
Concept
Define
Support
Systems
Implement
Support
Systems
Test/Accept
Support
Systems
Support
Product
Dispose of
Product
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

24. Evolution of a Product’s Production Facility
Production Facility “Life Cycles” Run Concurrently
Facility Development Life Cycle
Product
Concept
Design
Product
Manufacture
Product
Test/Accept
Product
Deploy
Product
Facility Operation Life Cycle
Operational
Concept
Operational
Requirements
Define Standard
Operation
Procedures
Train
Operators
Operate
Product
Withdraw
Product
Facility Support Life Cycle
Support
Concept
Define
Support
Systems
Implement
Support
Systems
Test/Accept
Support
Systems
Support
Product
Dispose of
Product
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

25. Key Concepts in CIM Definition (4)
Systems which enable the integrated, rationalized design, development, implementation, operation and improvement of production facilities and their output over the life cycle of the product. These systems identify and use appropriate technology to achieve their goals at minimum cost and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

26. Appropriate Technology
CIM is NOT ALWAYS HIGH TECH
Early Decisions Suffer from Lack of Data
Common Sense and Simplicity Must Be Applied
Cost/Benefit of Information Must Always be Assessed
Cost of Developing Model
Cost of Organizing Data
Time to Decision/Cost of Delay
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

27. Key Concept in CIM Definition (5)
Systems which enable the integrated, rationalized design, development, implementation, operation and improvement of production facilities and their output over the life cycle of the product. These systems identify and use appropriate technology to achieve their goals at minimum cost and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

28. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Goals
Must Be System-Wide, not Parochial
Measurable Goals are a Must
Not Only a Vision, Also a Stopping Point
Key to Balanced Design
Requirements Based on Goal Statements
Requirements Drive the Design Decisions
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

29. Key Concept in CIM Definition (6)
Systems which enable the integrated, rationalized design, development, implementation, operation and improvement of production facilities and their output over the life cycle of the product. These systems identify and use appropriate technology to achieve their goals at minimum cost and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

30. Minimum Cost and Effort
Measured Across the Full Life Cycle
Internal
Externalized
Short Term
Concerned with Payback/Recovery of Investment
Long Term
Concerned with Operation/Continuing Costs
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

31. Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W
Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems Segment B Topic: Definition Key Concepts 3 through 6 END OF SEGMENT

32. Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W
Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems Segment C Topic: CIM Systems Evolution

33. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Copyright John W. Nazemetz Duplication without written permission is strictly prohibited.
ADVANCED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS DESIGN Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems:
CIM Systems Evolution
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

34. CIM Systems Evolution (Recognition of Need)
A Need is Identified
It is Accepted as Valid
(Requirements Defined)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

35. CIM Systems Evolution (Ideation)
NEED
Ideas/Concepts for Solutions
are Generated
Concepts are Documented.
Concept not Detailed -
Used to Communicate,
Convey, and Document
IDEAS
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

36. CIM Systems Evolution (Conceptualization)
Concept Synthesis
Preliminary (Feasibility)
Assessment
All Viewpoints Assess
Concepts
Iteration on Concepts Occurs
“Current Best” Concept
Emerges
NEED
Different Users
and Viewpoints
IDEAS
Feedback
Concept
for Solution
Input and
Assessment
Current Best
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

37. CIM Systems Evolution (Concept Development)
New Current Best Concept
NEED
CAD D E V L O P M N T
Different Users
and Viewpoints
CAPP
IDEAS FE
Feedback
LINE BALANCE
Concept
for Solution
Input and
Assessment
DFM
ETC. ...
Current Best
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

38. CIM Systems Evolution (Development Details)
After Concept(s) Firmed Up
More Details Added
Formal Documentation
Additional Modeling and
Analysis Undertaken
Computer Aided Tools Used
Optimization of Current
Best (ONLY!!) Sought
New Current Best Concept
CAD D E V L O P M N T
CAPP FE
LINE BALANCE
DFM
ETC. ...
Current Best
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

39. CIM Systems Evolution (Implementation)
PRODUCT
FACILITY
New Current Best Concept
CAD D E V L O P M N T
CAPP
Drawings
Models
Specifications
Materials
Design Logic
Layout
Equipment
Staffing
Production
Strategy FE
LINE BALANCE
DFM
ETC. ...
IMPLEMENTATION
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

40. CIM Systems Evolution (Implementation Details)
PRODUCT
FACILITY
IMPLEMENTATION
Physical Realization of Plans
Plant
Equipment
Product
Execution of Plans
Production Schedules
Planned Processes
Distribution
Marketing
Quality
Operations
Maintenance
Support
Drawings
Models
Specifications
Materials
Design Logic
Layout
Equipment
Staffing
Production
Strategy
IMPLEMENTATION
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

41. CIM Systems Evolution (Operation)
PRODUCT
FACILITY
OPERATE
Improvement
Feedback
Iterate
Drawings
Models
Specifications
Materials
Design Logic
Layout
Equipment
Staffing
Production
Strategy
IMPLEMENTATION
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

42. A Model of CIM Systems (Disposal and Decommissioning)
OPERATE
Improvement
Feedback
Iterate
DISPOSAL/DECOMMISIONING
Arrange for Continued Support
Archive Records
Recycle Assets
Dispose of Assets
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

43. Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W
Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems Segment C Topic: CIM Systems Evolution END OF SEGMENT

44. Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W
Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems Segment D Topic: Alternate Names and Historical Perspective

45. Copyright 1999 - John W. Nazemetz Duplication without written permission is strictly prohibited.
ADVANCED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS DESIGN Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems:
Alternate Names and Historical Perspective
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

46. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Alternate Names
Names
CAx Systems
CAD/CAM Systems
CAE Systems (E => Engineering or Enterprise)
Integrated Enterprises
Virtual Enterprises
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Systems Concepts are Key
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

47. Historical Interpretation Problems (1)
CAD/CAM
CAD Was Simply Drafting, CAM Was Simply NC
“Design” Was Too Narrowly Defined and Interpreted
“Manufacturing” Was Too Narrowly Defined and Interpred
Definition Was Divided by Discipline (CAD=>ME’s, CAM =>IE’s)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

48. Historical Interpretation Problems (2)
CAx Systems
Systems Nature Not Included
Functionally Focused, Discipline “Ownership”
No Appreciation for Data Sharing/Exchange
CAE
Became “Computer Aided Everything”
Too Broad, Subjective, Essentially Meaningless
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

49. Historical Interpretation Problems (3)
Integrated Enterprises
Too Broad, Subjective
No “Buy In” to Term by Small Businesses Who Find “Enterprises” Too Pretentious
Virtual Enterprises
New Term -- “Virtual” not Well Understood
Small Business Do Not Feel Part of “Virtual” World
Large Business Do Not Regard Themselves as “Virtual”
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

50. Historical Interpretation Problems (4)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
No Systems Perspective Included in Definition
CIM is Interpreted as “CAM”
Implies Manufacturing Only
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
May be Best by Elimination
Requires Broad Interpretation of “Manufacturing”
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

51. Historical Problems In CIM Systems (1)
Independent Simultaneous Development
Discipline Based
No Overall Application Coordination/Guidance
No Universal Data Models
No Universal Data Standards
De Facto Standards Evolution
DXF
IGES
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

52. Historical Problems In CIM Systems (2)
Integration Occurred at Company Level
Culture Slow to Change
No Intra-Company Integration
Tools
CAD Precision Problems
File Translation Problem
Vendor Cooperation
Partners/SubContractors
Different Systems of Choice
Manual Translation/Interpretaion Requirements
Non-Digital Communication Used
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

53. Those Affected By Problems (1)
The Defense Logistics Agency
Acquisition of Parts for Aging Weapons Systems
Legacy Data
Manufacturing Base
Loss of OEM’s
Cost Savings with SME’s
Large OEM’s
Coordination of World Wide Activities
Round the Clock Design Activities
International Communication
Internal Communication
External Communication
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

54. Those Affected By Problems (2)
SME’s
Working with “Larger Partners”
Forming Own Partnering (VE’s)
Customers
Cost Pressures/Esculation
Customization of Products
Smaller Lot Sizes
Lead Time Reduction (JIT)
Reliable Suppliers (JIT)
In a Word - “Everybody”
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

55. “Solutions” Attempted (1)
Interdisciplinary Training
Industrial Programs
Academic Programs
Interdisciplinary Work Groups
Co-Location of Discipline Experts
Cross training and Job Sharing
Project Grouping (Matrix Organizations)
Incorporation of Workers, Marketing, Etc. in Project/Design Groups
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

56. “Solutions” Attempted (2)
Common Data Models/Exchange Formats
Numerical Control
IGES
Vendor De Facto Standards
Common Systems/Vendors
Duplicate/Satellite Data Bases (One-Way)
Customized (to Recipient) Download of Data
Proactive Standards Development
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

57. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Two Solution Drivers
Communication Networks
Internet
Integrated Data
Exchanged
Shared via Repositories/Warehouses
Accepted, Publicly Available Data Models and Standards
STandard for Exchange of Product Model Data - STEP (ISO 10303)
eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

58. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Internet
Instantaneous, World-Wide Communication
Established Infrastructure
Can be Secured
Standard Access Tools
Links to Files/Data
Local Maintenance
Global Access
Single Copy of Data
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

59. Integrated Data Concept
Data Sharing/Warehousing using Standardized, Neutral Data Formats (e.g. STEP)
Information Model (Standardized) is Distinct from Data Implementation (Customized)
Existing Systems used as appropriate
New Systems Easily Incorporated.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

60. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Integrated Data Use
STEP technologies are used to extract data from various sources and presents views of the data needed by each end-user
Users
Views
Single Logical
Database
Source Data
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

61. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Concept
Data
Interface
LOCAL
Data Flow - Neutral and
Standard Formats
Query
Shipping Order
Technical Data
Requisition
Bid
Data
Interface
Data
Interface
LOCAL
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

62. Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W
Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems Segment D Topic: Alternate Names and Historical Perspective END OF SEGMENT END OF LECTURE