1. Reading

2. Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science? Listening （插入声音） Carl Linnaeus developed a new system to classify the plant species.

3. Skimming 1.When did botany become a special science? After the eighteenth century. 2. How was plant species classified before the work of Carl Linnaeus? Plants are classified into herbs and trees, according to the shape of the

4. fruit, or whether they had flowers or not. 3. What is the difference between Linnaeus’ system and that of the other scientists? In Linnaeus’ system, the identification of different species was based on the arrangement of the male and female organs

5. in the flowers, while the other scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not. 4. Was Daniel Solander a member of the Royal Society? No, he wasn’t.

6. 5. What did Joseph Banks do on the three-year voyage? On their three-year voyage, Joseph Banks did not only study and describe new plants he found, he also looked out for new economic species and became the first to move

7. crops from one continent to another on a large scale. 6. What was the relationship among the three persons? Daniel Solander was the student of Linnaeus and a lifelong friend of Joseph Banks.

8. 7. What great contributions did Joseph Banks make to the birth of botany as a science? He discovered many new animals and plants during the three-year voyage; he was involved in enterprises such as the exploration

9. of Africa and the settlement of Australia. During his 42-year presidency of the Royal Society, he helped to develop the royal gardens at Kew into one of the greatest botanical gardens in the world; he accumulated a great deal of

10. knowledge about plants and agriculture; he also built a greenhouse to experiment with growing pineapples; and it was he who made Kew a center of scientific and economic research.

11. Post-reading 1. What were the goals of James Cook’s first voyage around the world? The goals of James Cook’s first voyage around the world: the primary goal was to study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun; the second purpose was to record, classify and describe all plant

12. and animal life observed during the trip; the third one was to search for an unknown southern continent. and animal life observed during the trip; the third one was to search for an unknown southern continent. 2. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition? The reason was the British government

13. would not pay for a new field of science as botany. 3. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus? Before Linnaeus, the scientists classified plants in this way: they

14. classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not. 3. What could be a possible explanation for the name “strawberry”? A possible explanation for the name “strawberry”: berries like straw.

15. Language Points 1. Despite his wealth, he worked to make a career in science. wealth 意为 “ 财富 ” ，多用作不可数名 词。

16. He gained his ____ by printing ____ of famous writers. (NMET 1995) A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works 析：根据 wealth 的词性，可排除 B 、 C ； works 意为 “ 作品，著作 ” 。 C

17. 2. Secondly, the purpose of the expedi- tion was to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip. 动词不定式可用作表语，表示主语 的具体内容，尤其可用于指未发生的 情况。

18. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult. ( 上海 2005 春 ) A. not making B. not make C. not to make D. nor to make C

19. 析：两个或多个不定式表示并列或 递进关系时，后面的不定式符号 to 常常 省略，但当它们表示对比关系时，不 定式符号 to 常常保留。 本题题意为 “ 新技术的目的是使生活 更容易，而不是让生活更艰难 ” ，两个 不定式之间是对比关系。

20. Practice 1. _________ had been made by others to _______ plant species into groups, but the breakthrough ___________ the work of Carl Linnaeus. Attempts classify came with

21. 2. In 1768, the Royal Navy _________ James Cook as the commander of the Endeavor to take members of ________________ on an ___________ to Tahiti. 2. In 1768, the Royal Navy _________ James Cook as the commander of the Endeavor to take members of ________________ on an ___________ to Tahiti. appointed the Royal Society expedition

22. 3. He also _____________ new economic species: plants that could be grown in England or other parts of the world to produce crops that could be sold. 3. He also _____________ new economic species: plants that could be grown in England or other parts of the world to produce crops that could be sold. looked out for 4. Banks was the first to move crops from one continent to another ______ ____________, helping to develop local economies with these new imports. 4. Banks was the first to move crops from one continent to another ______ ____________, helping to develop local economies with these new imports. large scale on a

23. 5. Darwin’s _____________ on that voyage led him to write his famous book On the Origin of Species. 5. Darwin’s _____________ on that voyage led him to write his famous book On the Origin of Species. observations 6. Back home, in England, Darwin _______ that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds _________ in plants. 6. Back home, in England, Darwin _______ that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds _________ in plants. realized as well as

24. 7. ___________ of Darwin and Mendel’s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that the __________ of the environment was behind the development of new species. 7. ___________ of Darwin and Mendel’s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that the __________ of the environment was behind the development of new species. As a result influence

25. 8. It would take a next __________ of scientists to ______ the importance of the environment on species back in view. 8. It would take a next __________ of scientists to ______ the importance of the environment on species back in view. generation bring 9. Turesson found ___________ the existence of ______________ within species in nature. 9. Turesson found ___________ the existence of ______________ within species in nature. evidence for stable varieties

26. 10. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that both _______ and the ____________ are important to plants. 10. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that both _______ and the ____________ are important to plants. genetics environment

27. Homework Please read the text several times and then try to write something about Joseph Banks: what do we learn from him?