1. Lecture 6 Instructor: Craig Duckett

2. Assignment 1, 2, and A1 Revision Assignment 1 I have finished correcting and have already returned the Assignment 1 submissions. If you did not submit an Assignment 1, and want the points, then you can submit it as the Assignment 1 Revision (see below). Make sure and submit all the necessary files as they are each worth 20 points (two.java files, one debug table, two trace tables) Lecture 8 Assignment 2 Due Lecture 8 by midnight Thursday, October 22 nd PLEASE NOTE: I WILL BE GOING OVER ASSIGNMENT 2 AND OFFERING HINTS FOR SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETING PART 3 IN NEXT TUESDAY’S CLASS. SEE THE LECTURE 7 POWERPOINT IF YOU WANT A HEAD START (particularly Slides 5 through 11). Lecture 10 Assignment 1 Revision due Lecture 10 by midnight Tuesday, November 3 rd (if you are wanting to “improve” your grade or if you did not submit an initial Assignment 1)

3. 3 Assignment 1 Graded! Returned! Woot! Assignment 2 (LECTURE 8) Thursday, October 22 Assignment 1 Revision (LECTURE 10) Tuesday, November 3 Assignment 2 Revision (LECTURE 12) Tuesday, November 10 Assignment 3 (LECTURE 13) Thursday, November 12 Assignment 3 Revision (LECTURE 16) Tuesday, November 24 Assignment 4 (LECTURE 20) Tuesday, December 8 Assignment 4 Revision (LECTURE 21) Thursday, December 10 Assignment Dates (By Due Date)

4. Warm-Up Quiz And Now… The Warm-Up Quiz

5. It’s a Mish-Mash Lecture public class vs public vs class Primitive Data Types Review Constants: The final Keyword Temporary Variables (Local Variables) Counters and Counters with Loops Scope

6. import becker.robots.*; public class MrRoboto extends Robot { public MrRoboto(City theCity, int avenue, int street, Direction aDirection) { super(theCity, avenue, street, aDirection); } public void turnAround() { this.turnLeft(); this.turnLeft(); } public void move3() { this.move(); this.move(); this.move(); } public void turnRight() { this.turnAround(); this.turnLeft(); } public static void main(String[] args) { City bothell = new City(); MrRoboto lisa = new MrRoboto(bothell, 3, 2, Direction.SOUTH); lisa.move3(); lisa.turnRight(); lisa.move3(); lisa.turnAround(); } } SINGLE FILE | STYLE 1 In this style, since there is only one class name, then: the class name MrRoboto, the constructor name MrRoboto, and the file name MrRoboto must all be the same. Also, since there is only the single class here, it is made public class by default.

7. import becker.robots.*; class MrRoboto extends Robot { // Construct a new MrRoboto public MrRoboto(City theCity, int avenue, int street, Direction aDirection) { super(theCity, avenue, street, aDirection); } public void turnAround() { this.turnLeft(); this.turnLeft(); } public void move3() { this.move(); this.move(); this.move(); } public void turnRight() { this.turnAround(); this.turnLeft(); } } public class MrRobotoMain extends Object { public static void main(String[] args) { City bothell = new City(); MrRoboto lisa = new MrRoboto(bothell, 3, 2, Direction.SOUTH); lisa.move3(); lisa.turnRight(); lisa.move3(); lisa.turnAround(); } } SINGLE FILE | STYLE 2 In this style, since there are two class names, then the file name must match the public class name, in this case the class that contains the main method, MrRobotoMain. Also the class that holds the constructor and the new methods only starts with class, and the constructor starts with public. There can only be one public class in a file, and typically the class that holds main will start with public class. Developers often set it up this way by convention to remind them which class is the class that holds the main method, although the reverse will also work as long as the file name matches the public class class name. See the MrRobotoReversedClass.java example. MrRobotoReversedClass.java

8. Primitive Data Types byte 1 byte 8 bits Integers in the range -128 to +127 short 2 bytes 16 bits Integers in the range of -32,768 to +32,767 int 4 bytes 32bits Integers in the range of -2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647 long 8 bytes 64 bits Integers in the range of -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to +9,223,372,036,854,775,807 float 4 bytes 32 bits Floating-point numbers in the range of ±3.410-38 to ±3.41038, with 7 digits of accuracy double 8 bytes 64 bits Floating-point numbers in the range of ±1.710-308 to ±1.710308, with 15 digits of accuracy

9. Integer Data Types byte, short, int, and long are all integer data types. They can hold whole numbers such as 5, 10, 23, 89, etc. Integer data types cannot hold numbers that have a decimal point in them. Integers embedded into Java source code are called integer literals.

10. Integer Data Type Integer Data Type: Integer Data Type is used to store integer value. Integer Data Type is Primitive Data Type in Java Programming Language. Integer Data Type have respective Wrapper Class “Integer“ Integer Data Type is able to store both unsigned and signed integer values just like in C/C++ Integer Data Type Can have 4 types of values as listed below: byte short int long

11. Creating Named Constants with final Many programs have data that does not need to be changed. Littering programs with literal values can make the program hard do read and maintain. Replacing literal values with constants remedies this problem. Constants allow the programmer to use a name rather than a value throughout the program. Constants also give a singular point for changing those values when needed.

12. Creating Named Constants with final Constants keep the program organized and easier to maintain. Constants are identifiers that can hold only a single value. Constants are declared using the keyword final. Constants need not be initialized when declared; however, they must be initialized before they are used or a compiler error will be generated.

13. Creating Named Constants with final Once initialized with a value, constants cannot be changed programmatically. By convention, constants are all upper case and words are separated by the underscore ‘_’ character. EXAMPLES: final int MONTHS_IN_YEAR = 12; final float CAL_SALES_TAX = 0.79; Both the Java and Becker API libraries have several constants built in programmatically by default. For example: Java has math.PI (where PI = 3.14159265) Becker has direction.NORTH (including EAST, SOUTH, WEST) where the direction represents specific degrees on a compass like 0, 90, 180, 270

15. To Summarize: Temporary Variables (Local Variables)

16. Counters Increment – Add 1 to the counter X = X + 1; // Left  Right Decrement – Subtract 1 from the counter X = X - 1; // Left  Right

17. Another Way to Show Increment & Decrement numMoves = numMoves + 1; numThings = numThings ˗ 1; numMoves++; numThings ˗ ˗ ; SAME AS X = X - 1 is the same as X-- X = X + 1 is the same as X++ So: Using a Counter X = X++ is INCORRECT X = X-- is INCORRECT

18. Declaring an Integer Variable

19. Counters Declare the datatype, and give it a name: int counter; Then, initialize it with a value: counter = 0; So, putting it together it might look like this: int counter; counter = 0; You can also do this all on the same line by combining the declaration and the initialization, which saves keystrokes: int counter = 0;

20. Counters CONTINUED You can use initialize counters outside of loops and inside of loops, which affects their scope (which we’ll talk about in a moment), all depending on the logic of the code. int counter = 0; while (counter < 5) // As long as this is true, loop { Rex.move(); counter = counter + 1; // Same as counter++; } See: counterExample.java

21. Example from Robot World numThings is like a temporary variable that is automatically assigned a value just before grabThings begins to execute. The value it is assigned is the value given between the parentheses when grabThings is called. Writing lisa.grabThings(6), numThings will be given the value six. Writing karel.grabThings(7), numThings will be given the value seven. Writing jasmine.grabThings(8), numThings will be given the value eight. 1 public void grabThings(int numObjects) 2 { int numMoves = 0; 3 // move one fewer times than there are Things 4 while (numMoves < numObjects) 5 { this.pickThingIfPresent(); 6 this.move(); 7 numMoves = numMoves + 1; 8 numObjects = numObjects - 1; 9 } 10 this.pickThingIfPresent(); 11} lisa.grabThings( 6 ) 1 public void grabThings() 2 { int numMoves = 0; 3 // move one fewer times than there are Things 4 while (numMoves < 4 ) 5 { this.pickThingIfPresent(); 6 this.move(); 7 numMoves = numMoves + 1; 8 } 9 this.pickThingIfPresent(); 10 } C BA 1 public void grabThings(6) 2 { int numMoves = 0; 3 // move one fewer times than there are Things 4 while (0 < 6) 5 { this.pickThingIfPresent(); 6 this.move(); 7 1 = 0 + 1; 8 5 = 6 - 1; 9 } 10 this.pickThingIfPresent(); 11} First Pass

22. EXAMPLE: Counting Things on an Intersection

23. Storing the Results of a Query

24. A Quick Word About Scope

25. Time for Another ICE Lecture 6  Counting Loops Follow the In-Class Exercises Directions ICE_06_CL_Trace.java ( Example Solution )DEMO ICE_06_Count.java ICE_06_CountingLoops.java