1. The Civil War “I do not see how a barbarous community and a civilized community can constitute one state.” Ralph Waldo Emerson “These [Northern] people hate us, annoy us, and would have us assassinated by our slaves if they dared. They are different people from us, whether better or worse, and there is no love between us. Why then continue together?” southern slaveholder

2. John Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry Oct. 1859 – Brown leads small band in attack on federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA Oct. 1859 – Brown leads small band in attack on federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA – Goal to steal guns to arm slaves and start uprising – Robert E. Lee and federal troops capture Brown after two day siege – Brown and six of his followers hanged for treason

3. Election of 1860 Northern Democrats/Douglas: Northern Democrats/Douglas: – Popular sovereignty and enforcement of Fugitive Slave Law Southern Democrats/Beckrinridge: Southern Democrats/Beckrinridge: – Unrestricted extension of slavery – Annexation of Cuba Republicans/Lincoln: Republicans/Lincoln: – Exclusion of slavery in territories – Protective tariff – Free land for homesteaders and internal improvements to encourage Westerns settlement Constitutional Party/Bell Constitutional Party/Bell – Former Whigs and Know-Nothings fearing consequences of Republican victory – Goal to enforce laws and constitution – preserve the Union!

4. Secession of the South SC secedes first, by Lincoln’s inauguration 6 other states had seceded SC secedes first, by Lincoln’s inauguration 6 other states had seceded Feb. 1861 – reps from 7 states met at Montgomery and formed Confederate States of America Feb. 1861 – reps from 7 states met at Montgomery and formed Confederate States of America

5. Failure of Compromise Buchanan as lame duck does nothing to prevent secession Buchanan as lame duck does nothing to prevent secession Congress tries one more thing… Congress tries one more thing… –CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE  Constitutional amendment guaranteeing right to hold slaves in all territories south of 36° 30°  South loved it! Republicans reject it!

6. WAR! FORT SUMTER FORT SUMTER –Union fort in harbor outside Charleston, SC, low on supplies –Lincoln doesn’t want o surrender, sends relief –South attacks Sumter, Fort surrenders –WAR!