1. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Organizing Basics for Structure Organizations are comprised of individuals who work together in GROUPS: teams, taskforces, shifts, departments, plants, divisions, business units. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: The way in which individual elements are arranged to form a whole. Structure: (a) Facilitates work flow and (b) Focuses Attention Workflow is achieved by structuring activities (e.g. steps in an assembly line). People working in organization must focus their attention. This is achieved through:  Design of Work Units  Span of Control  Span of Accountability

2. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Organizing Design of Work Units Work unit: A grouping of individuals who utilize the firm’s resources and are accountable for performance. Accountability: (1) The output that a work unit is expected to produce and (2) the performance standards that managers and employees of that unit are expected to meet. Basic Design Choices Work Process based (functions) e.g.  Marketing and sales units  Finance department  Information Technology department  Production unit Market focused (business units) clustered by:  Product  Customer  Geography

3. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Organizing Manager is responsible for implementing strategies and achieving profit goals. Cost Center Accountability: Managers are accountable only for their unit’s spending. Profit Center Accountability: Managers are accountable, in addition to costs, for revenues and, perhaps, assets.

4. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Organizing Organizational Process Model: Input Process Output Managers are responsible to ensure:  Inputs are appropriate to the tasks and adequate in quality and quantity.  Processes are efficient  Outputs meet specifications

5. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Organizing Structure is a static concept. Information is necessary to support work flows and accountability Information about: Customers, markets, competitors, and best practices must be collected, stored and disseminated. Consistent and reliable information channels should be established.

6. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Organizing Uses of Information:  Decision Making (planning & coordination)  Control (outputs are aligned to goals)  Education and Learning (train managers &employees)  External Communication (shareholders, banks, investors, authorities)