1. Leprosy
Filename: Leprosy.ppt

2. Outline Organism Clinical findings Diagnosis Treatment Epidemiology
Prevention and control

3. Mycobacterium leprae Unable to cultivate Smears & scrapings
Acid fast rod
Single, parallel bundles, masses
Intracellular
endothelial cells of blood vessels
nerves
mononuclear cells

4. Endothelial cells
Grows in the endothelial cells of the blood vessels

5. Intracellular Growth in Superficial Nerves

6. Experimental models Mice Armadillo Foot pads
local granulomatous lesion
limited multiplication
Armadillo
quadruplets

7. Lepromin Skin Test Analogue of tuberculin test
Extract of macular lesions
Inject subdermally

8. Clinical findings Cooler tissues of body
skin, superficial, nerves, noses, larynx eyes and testicles

9. Types of Leprosy
Lepromatous
Tuberculoid

10. Lepromatous Leprosy Progressive but slow malign nodular skin lesion
Symmetric nerve involvement
many acid fast bacilli
Positive lepromin test

11. Tuberculoid Leprosy Non progressive Benign Macular skin lesions
Asymmetric nerve involvement
Few acid fast bacilli
Lepromin negative

12. Eye Involvement

13. Skin Lesions
Pale
Macular lesion 1-10 cm
anaesthetic

14. Neurological involvement
Nerve infiltration & thickening
anaesthesia
neuritis
Causes
Trophic ulcers
Bone Reabsorption
shortening of Digits

15. Trophic ulcers

16. Bone Reabsorption

17. Shortening of Digits

18. Diagnosis Clinical findings Scrapings Acid fast bacilli Biopsy
Nerve involvement
Lepromin test
Tests for syphilis false positive

19. Treatment Special sulfones Rifampin Long term treatment
Dapsone (diaminodiphenylsufone)
Rifampin
Long term treatment
Months- years

20. Epidemiology Mode of transmission ??? Children most susceptible
Contracted from close family members
Very long term incubation period
Onset as adults

21. Prevention & Control Separate patients & young children in family
Chemotherapy of patients & family
BCG vaccination

22. The End

23. Performance Objectives
Key terms, concepts
short answers

24. Key Terms

25. Key Terms

26. Key Organisms

27. Key Concepts

28. Epidemiology of ??? Disease/bacterial factors Transmission
Who is at risk
Geography/ season
Incidence
Modes of control

29. Short Answers
Construct a table of the virulence factors associated with ??? and the biological activity of each
Describe the clinical manifestations of ???
Construct a table listing the common ??? species and the associated human diseases.