2.  Definition Definition  Bit of History Bit of History  Why Fuzzy Logic? Why Fuzzy Logic?  Applications Applications  Fuzzy Logic Operators Fuzzy Logic Operators  Operations Operations  Fuzzy Controllers Fuzzy Controllers  Controller Structure Controller Structure  Fuzzification Fuzzification  Inference Engine Inference Engine  Defuzzification Defuzzification  Rule Base Rule Base  Fuzzy Air Conditioner Fuzzy Air Conditioner

3.  Experts rely on common sense when they solve problems.  Fuzzy logic is not logic that is fuzzy, but logic that is used to describe fuzziness. Fuzzy logic is the theory of fuzzy sets, sets that calibrate vagueness.  Fuzzy logic is based on the idea that all things admit of degrees. Temperature, height, speed, distance, beauty – all come on a sliding scale. ◦ The motor is running really hot. ◦ Tom is a very tall guy. Go back

4.  Many decision-making and problem-solving tasks are too complex to be understood quantitatively, however, people succeed by using knowledge that is imprecise rather than precise.  Fuzzy set theory resembles human reasoning in its use of approximate information and uncertainty to generate decisions.  It was specifically designed to mathematically represent uncertainty and vagueness and provide formalized tools for dealing with the imprecision intrinsic to many engineering and decision problems in a more natural way.  Boolean logic uses sharp distinctions. It forces us to draw lines between members of a class and non-members. Go back

5.  Fuzzy, or multi-valued logic, was introduced in the 1930s by Jan Lukasiewicz, a Polish philosopher. While classical logic operates with only two values 1 (true) and 0 (false), Lukasiewicz introduced logic that extended the range of truth values to all real numbers in the interval between 0 and 1.  In 1965 Lofti Zadeh, published his famous paper “Fuzzy sets”. Zadeh extended the work on possibility theory into a formal system of mathematical logic, and introduced a new concept for applying natural language terms. This new logic for representing and manipulating fuzzy terms was called fuzzy logic. Go back

6.  Why fuzzy? As Zadeh said, the term is concrete, immediate and descriptive; we all know what it means. However, many people in the West were repelled by the word fuzzy, because it is usually used in a negative sense.  Why logic? Fuzziness rests on fuzzy set theory, and fuzzy logic is just a small part of that theory.  The term fuzzy logic is used in two senses: ◦ Narrow sense: Fuzzy logic is a branch of fuzzy set theory, which deals (as logical systems do) with the representation and inference from knowledge. Fuzzy logic, unlike other logical systems, deals with imprecise or uncertain knowledge. In this narrow, and perhaps correct sense, fuzzy logic is just one of the branches of fuzzy set theory. ◦ Broad Sense: fuzzy logic synonymously with fuzzy set theory Go back

7.  ABS Brakes  Expert Systems  Control Units  Bullet train between Tokyo and Osaka  Video Cameras  Automatic Transmissions  Washing Machines Go back

8.  Fuzzy Logic: ◦ NOT (A) = 1 - A ◦ A AND B = min( A, B) ◦ A OR B = max( A, B) Go back

9. A B A  B A  B  A Go back

10.  Used to control a physical system Go back input system output controller

11.  Fuzzification ◦ Scales and maps input variables to fuzzy sets  Inference Mechanism ◦ Approximate reasoning ◦ Deduces the control action  Defuzzification ◦ Convert fuzzy output values to control signals Go back

12.  Conversion of real input to fuzzy set values  e.g. Medium ( x ) = { ◦ 0 if x >= 1.90 or x < 1.70, ◦ (1.90 - x)/0.1 if x >= 1.80 and x < 1.90, ◦ (x- 1.70)/0.1 if x >= 1.70 and x < 1.80 } Go back

13.  Fuzzy rules ◦ based on fuzzy premises and fuzzy consequences  e.g. ◦ If height is Short and weight is Light then feet are Small ◦ Short( height) AND Light(weight) => Small(feet) Go back

14.  Rule base has many rules ◦ so some of the output fuzzy sets will have membership value > 0 ◦ Defuzzify to get a real value from the fuzzy outputs  One approach is to use a centre of gravity method Go back

15. Air Temperature  Set cold {50, 0, 0}  Set cool {65, 55, 45}  Set just right {70, 65, 60}  Set warm {85, 75, 65}  Set hot { , 90, 80} Fan Speed Set stop {0, 0, 0} Set slow {50, 30, 10} Set medium {60, 50, 40} Set fast {90, 70, 50} Set blast { , 100, 80} Go back

16. Air Conditioning Controller Example:  IF Cold then Stop  If Cool then Slow  If OK then Medium  If Warm then Fast  IF Hot then Blast Go back