2. NCKU General Education: How to Cultivate the Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship? Sept 27, 2007 Class#2 Group Creativity Dr. Harold Szu 斯華齡,

3. Homework#1 Prepare Exemplar(s) for Individual Creativity 4 Rules 1. Intellectual courage: never be afraid to answer the first question, how everything is invented. 2.Comprehensiveness, Maxwell Field Equations were invented. 3.Complimentarily, how the opposite Quantum Mechanics and Classical Mechanics was invented. 4.Principle of hard working, (smartly with self- guidance notebook everyday before going home and follow it every morning). “10% inspiration, 90% perspiration”—Thomas Edison

4. Review: Creativity needs both intuition and precision (fine difference and similarity in three disciplines, whether endowed or developed). Creativity in the Arts & the Literatures Creativity in the Arts & the Literatures Creativity in Math & Sciences Creativity in Math & Sciences Creativity in the Engineering Creativity in the Engineering Creativity in Business, and Management Creativity in Business, and Management

5. The basic requirement is similar. The essential difference is Degree of Freedom/Constraint (D.O.F/C.) for the identical joy of living by “self-expression.”

6. Creativity in the Arts & the Literatures— D.O.C.=2 Own Inhibition: our own self- inhibition, Own Inhibition: our own self- inhibition, Medium Representation: the literature form 1D taxonomy, 2D painting or pictures, 3D sculptures, 2D+time movie or real-time drama Medium Representation: the literature form 1D taxonomy, 2D painting or pictures, 3D sculptures, 2D+time movie or real-time drama Only sky is the limit of imagination Only sky is the limit of imagination

7. Creativity in Math & Sciences-- D.O.C.=2+2 Own Inhibition: Own Inhibition: Medium Representation: Medium Representation: Transparency—”science has nothing to do with the truth but self-consistency”--Einstein Transparency—”science has nothing to do with the truth but self-consistency”--Einstein Accountability, or Reproducibility by other scientists-- Aristotle Phenomenology Theory Accountability, or Reproducibility by other scientists-- Aristotle Phenomenology Theory

8. Math intuition and Creativity Poincare (1948): Math is a discrimination between promising and useless ideas and their combinations. Math is a discrimination between promising and useless ideas and their combinations. Math thinking may be based on heuristic search among sufficiently rich representations. Math thinking may be based on heuristic search among sufficiently rich representations. Math intuition is an interplay between spatial imagination, abstraction and approximate reasoning, and analytical reasoning or visual-spatial and linguistic thinking, observed in fNMR imaging (S. Dehaene, 1999). Math intuition is an interplay between spatial imagination, abstraction and approximate reasoning, and analytical reasoning or visual-spatial and linguistic thinking, observed in fNMR imaging (S. Dehaene, 1999).

9. Creativity in Engineering-- D.O.C.=4+1 Own Inhibition: Own Inhibition: Medium Representation: Medium Representation: Transparency—”science has nothing to do with the truth but self-consistency” Einstein Transparency—”science has nothing to do with the truth but self-consistency” Einstein Accountability, or Reproducibility by other scientists-- Aristotle Phenomenology Theory Accountability, or Reproducibility by other scientists-- Aristotle Phenomenology Theory Real World Utility Now! Real World Utility Now!

10. entrepreneurship is easier to say but hard to do; it has one extra constraint. The difference between the innovation and the entrepreneurship is merely the difference in bottom-line

11. Group Creativity 10 rules 1. Edify in public (more than 2 persons ); criticize in private 1. Edify in public (more than 2 persons ); criticize in private 2. Write others contribution in diary (never forgetful) 2. Write others contribution in diary (never forgetful) 3. Be patience with other team member’s immature creation 3. Be patience with other team member’s immature creation 4. Be the most positive and active member in your team 4. Be the most positive and active member in your team 5. Establish ones mentor(s) in different disciplines 5. Establish ones mentor(s) in different disciplines 6. Initiate social occasion & weekly contact with mentor(s). 6. Initiate social occasion & weekly contact with mentor(s). 7. 24 hours turn around the assignment of mentor(s) or boss. 7. 24 hours turn around the assignment of mentor(s) or boss. 8. Two bonded Notebooks, research diary, & study others. 8. Two bonded Notebooks, research diary, & study others. 9. Sharpen tools in languages, math, computers, equipments 9. Sharpen tools in languages, math, computers, equipments 10. Prepare & update ones own work in 1 minute, 10 minutes, and one hour reports; study “Nature per week” 10. Prepare & update ones own work in 1 minute, 10 minutes, and one hour reports; study “Nature per week”

12. Chinese Yi-Chin created the limiting process of modern math e.g. the infinity has no outside; the infinitesimal small has no inside ! 老子 (Lao Zi) 大而無外, 小而無内 Where were you, when they invented X,Y,Z? X,Y,Z = Symphony, Radio, Movie, TV, PC, Internet, e- Commerce,Genome, Epigenome, Nano-Robot, Nano-Surgeon, etc. Indian by Buddhism created the “zero” as the identity of plus (inverse minus) operations. European combining the limiting with the zero in a finite difference method created a rigorous calculus, a working horse of modern engineering. America led NASTRAN calculus into Space Programs

13. How to become a creative disciple Keep good quality research diary & assignment record Keep good quality research diary & assignment record Thoroughly follow through the lines of attacks Thoroughly follow through the lines of attacks 24 hour turn around the assignment showing your thought process waiting for master comment 24 hour turn around the assignment showing your thought process waiting for master comment Edify the master in public and discuss in private Edify the master in public and discuss in private

14. How to write an diary for journal Keep good diary of concept, logic, essential steps, complete references. That’s why 2 hours extra per day, can yield 200%. Keep good diary of concept, logic, essential steps, complete references. That’s why 2 hours extra per day, can yield 200%. Practice multiple resolution answers: 1 sentence for layman, 10 sentences for non-specialists, and hundreds for experts. Practice multiple resolution answers: 1 sentence for layman, 10 sentences for non-specialists, and hundreds for experts. Connectivity to prior works where ever can & give fair credits Connectivity to prior works where ever can & give fair credits Simple idea for a short paper, profound idea for a long paper, then always publishable if not mix up.--- Einstein Simple idea for a short paper, profound idea for a long paper, then always publishable if not mix up.--- Einstein

15. Work out your thought diligently: Three Questions before select R/D thesis, Keep two notebooks: diary, the literature Enhance communication, verbal & non- verbal Creative Negotiating, yourself and others Build your team in college

16. Ask 3 Questions before Major/sub- field Wiseman for list of most important unsolved topics in your interested area Wiseman for list of most important unsolved topics in your interested area Researchers how to solve his or her problem, and cover all topics one by one comprehensively Researchers how to solve his or her problem, and cover all topics one by one comprehensively Yourself what is your aptitude, specialty making you unique candidate to solve it Yourself what is your aptitude, specialty making you unique candidate to solve it major When the intersection of union exists, you focus it with passion. Although may delay, never give up. Wiseman Researches Yourself

17. Asian-Pacific Tigers did well in Me Too Engineering; sustainability is in doubt! cheaper faster better We must lear the next, called a Creative Me-Too, which reduces the exit risk, and provide competition for better products We must lear the next, called a Creative Me-Too, which reduces the exit risk, and provide competition for better products e.g. Apple, IBM, China $600 PC=people computer, often makes a buddle of profit for successors. e.g. Apple, IBM, China $600 PC=people computer, often makes a buddle of profit for successors.

18. How do we learn, creative or not? “From cradle to grave yard.” “From K-5 to K-9.” New science of sibilants getting past favoritism, finding niche, bridging differences, fighting it out, success & failure (Carsen & Cole & Steptoe, TIME July 10,,pp. 46-55, 2006). (1)Association (low-pass decomposition everything new appears the same); followed (2) Differentiation (high pass scrutiny), then (3) Unification (inverse Wavelet Transform); & (4) Continues again (Go To Do Loop (1-3) in larger domain) ----Royal Dutch Apprenticeship

19. Three Steps for Creative Me-Too to build upon others creativity Insight Application Courageous Insight of others Courageous Insight of others Application to own experience Application to own experience Horizon in sight Horizon in sight --------------------five to ten years later --------------------five to ten years later

20. Homework#1 Prepare Exemplar(s) for Individual Creativity 4 Rules 1. Intellectual courage: never be afraid to answer the first question, how everything is invented. 2.Comprehensiveness, Maxwell Field Equations were invented. 3.Complimentarily, how the opposite Quantum Mechanics and Classical Mechanics was invented. 4.Principle of hard working, (smartly with self- guidance notebook everyday before going home and follow it every morning). “10% inspiration, 90% perspiration”—Thomas Edison

21. Courageous Insights and Daring to answer the first question: 1986 Gerd Binninig & Heinrich Rohrer, IBM Zurich for Scanning Tunneling Microscope 1986 Gerd Binninig & Heinrich Rohrer, IBM Zurich for Scanning Tunneling Microscope 1989 Binnig, Quate, Gerber: Atomic Force Microsocpe (AFM) 1989 Binnig, Quate, Gerber: Atomic Force Microsocpe (AFM) 1996 Chemistry Curl, Kroto, Smalley C60 buckeye Ball 1996 Chemistry Curl, Kroto, Smalley C60 buckeye Ball Courageous insights: Enablers are Piezoelectric Actuator (a soft dipole distortion gives delta voltage read out), Computer Vision display amplifys. Courageous insights: Enablers are Piezoelectric Actuator (a soft dipole distortion gives delta voltage read out), Computer Vision display amplifys. I wrote: Why takes three months to write “IBM in molecules” ? BUT did not answer it. I wrote: Why takes three months to write “IBM in molecules” ? BUT did not answer it.

22. If I did, we can shorten decade time lag from STM/AFM, nanotechnology to nano-Robot which makes CAD Nano- engineering possible with a yield >25% I should answer it a decade ago, “the slowness because piezoelectric material is too soft to push the molecules while Brownian motion occurs.” I should answer it a decade ago, “the slowness because piezoelectric material is too soft to push the molecules while Brownian motion occurs.” Human hand can be soft and hard in a multiplex. Why can not make the cantilever arm of AFM like us. Indeed, we can. In 2005 Dr. Xi and I did so to build the first Nano-robot manipulator Human hand can be soft and hard in a multiplex. Why can not make the cantilever arm of AFM like us. Indeed, we can. In 2005 Dr. Xi and I did so to build the first Nano-robot manipulator

23. Nanorobot NanoLithography 5  m FOV on polycarbonate Bimimetically modified Piezzoelectrical Cantilever allows us real-time multiplexing between two: “Soft noodle-to-feel-to-see hard chop stick to control” (US Patent pending Szu&Xi)

24. Recommendation: Biomedical Wellness (BMW) Test Bed with 5 Winners stakeholders Aging population

25. UN/WHO: Aging Global Village Challenge 1.NIH Dir. Dr. Zerhouni 4 P Principles for Translation Research: “Preventive, Personalized. Pre-emptiveness, Participatory,” How to prevent exurban health care cost? 2.US $ 3 Trillion? How to prevent exurban health care cost? 3.“A stitch in time saves nine,” mandated by US VA and ONR with 4.4 None User-friendliness methodology : “ 4.4 None User-friendliness methodology : “Noninvasive, Non-contact, Non-tethered, None stop to measure” for 5.Information Acquisition Home Care system By Unsupervised Novel Computing of Biomedical Wellness (BMW) Engineering

26. Table of Content Approach: by Developing BMW Eng. using US military persistent surveillance high-tech for acquiring “Individual Diagnosis Aids” using unsupervised novel computing From Tanks to Tumors by using Physics and Physiology (Angiogenesis effect and Unsupervised Brain) Learning From Radar Counter-Counter-Measure to APS RFID From Submarine Comm. to Non-contact Heart BFID From Diabetic Type II to System on Chip Saliva Glucose Pumping Blood Hemoglobin (Bio.Freq.ID) passive ECG Power of pair of RFID (hybrid APS) Predict dynamics of blood glucose levels

27. High Tech Test Bed Challenges Software: Software: Unsupervised: Variability of wellness & unsophisticated Seniors Unsupervised: Variability of wellness & unsophisticated Seniors Noninvasive: Time-reversal ROC proving FDA “doing no harm” by randomized double-blind control & referee (replacing placebo). Noninvasive: Time-reversal ROC proving FDA “doing no harm” by randomized double-blind control & referee (replacing placebo). Massive throughput: Next Gen DWT down-sampling preserving statistics Massive throughput: Next Gen DWT down-sampling preserving statistics Hardware Affordable SOC Useful Accumulatively Compatible without EMI Plug and Play

28. What is our daily rhythm of wellness? How to accurate sample our wellness rhythm? Daily ? Weekly? Yearly? How to accurate sample our wellness rhythm? Daily ? Weekly? Yearly? If it were daily then where shall we measure our selves? Home?, Lab?, Hospital? If it were daily then where shall we measure our selves? Home?, Lab?, Hospital? If we prefer home convenience and privacy, then since none of us are physicians what kind of science and technology that we must develop for ? AI/rule based? ANN/supervised? BNN/unsupervised? If we prefer home convenience and privacy, then since none of us are physicians what kind of science and technology that we must develop for ? AI/rule based? ANN/supervised? BNN/unsupervised? How to define the degree of user friendliness? In terms of whose metric ? How to define the degree of user friendliness? In terms of whose metric ?

29. Working Hypothesis #1 Holistic Care, balancing Asian wellness Systematic with Western illness Componential Approach Wellness Illness When one is not sick, a hospital doctor has not much to help besides annual physical checkup as wellness baseline.

30. Working Hypothesis #2 “ To Err is Human*” : building a safer health system, Minimize US Root Cause of escalating Current Public Health Cost may be due to ¼ mortality end up with wasteful litigations at court When not ill, however feeling bad, no home front first-line preventive care paid by Health Care Insurance, and often losing the timeliness to prevent serious illness. *L. Kohn, J. Corrigan, M. Donaldson, eds. US NAS Institute of Medicine, 6 th Printing 2007

31. Aging Baby Boomers Quality of Life Working Hypothesis #3 Better Quality of Life: Wellness Assurance for Aging Societies— Motto: “High-Tech Safety Net” Retiring 65 years old; man 78 years woman at 80 Health Care Cost BMW Optimization for 2 nd Careers

32. Working Hypothesis #4“2 nd Order Phase transition”: human errors are unavoidable because of the intrinsically wellness physiology exceeds conventional sparse sampling annual physical checkups called the “baseline” by Doctors paid by US current insurance. Everyone’s illness may be discrete and binary; but their wellness states are analog & different. To capture the phase transition from discrete sampling may requires ½ day critical Nyquist sampling rate without aliasing effect----a new concept of “wellness baseline profiling™” Szu 2007

33. ONR Think Tank Fact Sheet Mr. Alan Greenspan thanked AP for ODM of high-quality low- cost goods curtailing US inflation. Fed Res. Chair Ben Benanker & GAO warned 78M baby boomers retiring costing 1/5 ~1/4 GDP. AMA asks “Why illness cost skyrockets?”“Fixing America’s Hospitals” Dr. David Bates of Harvard Medical Sch. Pub. Health Dr. Claudia Kalb showed “100K Am die annually from medical errors; 2005 errors harm 1.5M & cost $3.5B [Oct. 8, 2005 Newsweek's.March 2007 Reader Digest “Nightshifts Nightmares”] US hospital mortality <¼ owing to human errors (patients, doctors, nurses, hospital procedural); patients physicians suffer law suites and insurance wastes; cost is souring exponentially!

34. ONR & VA MOU might impact US $3.5B per annum: Translate military persistent surveillance for enemy to ward off human common enemy microorganisms diseases, cancers, etc. by means of military persistent surveillance- -- “house hospital, or housepital” with “wellness baseline profile” benchmarked the ROC utility for “individual diagnosis aids.” “A stitch in time saves nine.”

35. How could we manage rationally without a reliable data? We need “Unsupervised Novel Computing” for Senior Wellness Monitoring Info. System. lack of reliable senior wellness Data Set ( Personal Longitudinal Cohort Horizontal, except myth or anecdotic story, ), No one knows when is the most vulnerable in senior care? No one knows when is the most vulnerable in senior care? Pre-dawn stroke heart attack, Pre-dawn stroke heart attack, Standing up after a full dinner, Standing up after a full dinner, Taking hot bath, Taking hot bath, Bowel movement after constipation, Bowel movement after constipation, Coughing severely Coughing severely They are all vulnerable, but which is statistically significant? They are all vulnerable, but which is statistically significant? “In God We Trust; All the rest must show data” “In God We Trust; All the rest must show data” More aggressively we must increase quality of lives of seniors! More aggressively we must increase quality of lives of seniors! e.g. monitoring sleeping and daily living patterns; eating disorder; vision hearing; personnel glooming & hygiene; driving alert; e.g. monitoring sleeping and daily living patterns; eating disorder; vision hearing; personnel glooming & hygiene; driving alert;

36. The common key of BMW is mathematically Based on 37 o C & Pairs Sensors X(t) Physics & Physiology of Unsupervised Learning oNoninvasive Monitoring Aging WWII Baby Boomers’ Wellness Baseline Profiling (WBP) vital signs for Cancers, autoimmune disease, diabetic Type II, Heart Attack, Stroke, and Dementia etc. oApplying US military Surveillance High Tech serving aging veterans (2007-1949 =58~58+20 young < 78 yrs. old)

37. 36 To build high-tech safe net at home fronts to prevent health care waste by human errors? 2. From satellite spectral imaging of tanks to Angiogenesis of malign tumors:Vatican Rome Phase Iia, NTU Phase II 1. Extend first line defense from hospitals to all households where enemy are: DoD Doctrine war-fighting surveillance. 3.Diabetics less-invasive Saliva tests kits to supplement capillary blood tests –System on Chip like urine testkit. 4. Portable & affordable wireless Cardiovascular monitor systems—BFID like passive RFID at 1 Hz

38. Open dynamic biosystems Topdown bottomup Learning is a hallmark of natural intelligence (NI), unsupervised sensors lerning is a key breakthrough.

39. Why do we always have pairs of input sensors (2 eyes, 2 ears, 2 nasal holes, 2 taste buds, 2 hands etc. 10 Dimension), but singular outputs ? To understand intelligent learning we must answer why animal brains are kept constant temperature (37 o C=310 o K mankind, 40 o C for Chicken)? Cortex 17

40. Impact Area: Why do we have pairs, e.g. two eyes, etc. ten sensors for five sense inputs? Coincidence Account “agree, the info;disagree, the clutter” at the constant 37 o C brain temperature for a soft-decision of agreement for instantaneous response for the survival of fittest species (Unsupervised Learning) Marr binocular Paradox 3 points be horizontal or vertical ? Coincidence Account, rather Stereo

41. Long IR 8-12  Middle IR 3-5  X pixel b a s1s1 s2s2 Hot tumor feature Normal body feature Axis 1 Axis 2 s 1 +s 2 =1 Per pixel Decompose data vector X to infinitely many 2 components [a,b], unless percentage of 2 s 1 +s 2 =1 is known. X=s 1 a+s 2 b ??

42. We postulate a linear information I/O energy  {[W]X-S} = A]S-X} (e.g. which generalizes LMS error energy  =[W]X-S) Graphical Proof of Uniqueness of sources Local Maximum Entropy for Most Probable Solution s 2 ’=1-s 1 ’ S’ 1 E (Input X & Output S) S1’S1’ H ToSToS 0.5