1. Plasma proteins
Vladimíra Kvasnicová

2. Plasma proteins
include proteins of blood plasma and proteins of interstitial fluid

3. Distribution in body fluids
continual movement from blood vesels to intersticium
transport by pinocytosis and through interendothelial junctions
capillary basal membrane  molecular sieve
molecule size dependent passage through

4. protein Mr intravascular
(x 103)
intravascular
(%)
albumin 66 42
transferrin 80 32
haptoglobin 1-1 85 50
IgG
144 44
IgA
160 41
haptoglobin 2-2 75
2-macroglobulin
720 92
IgM
971 77
(accepted from book: Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics / Lothar Thomas)

5. Proteins of interstitial fluid
subcutaneous: albumin
lymph: less proteins than in plasma
liquor: 200x less than in plasma
patological fluids:
transsudate < 30 g/l
exsudate > 30 g/l

6. Plasma proteins
include proteins of blood plasma and proteins of interstitial fluid
almost all are glycoproteins
some groups of proteins are classified separatelly (enzymes, proteohormones)
„total protein“ ~ more than 300 proteins

7. Individual proteins of blood plasma
The figure is from (Feb 2007)

8. proteins are ampholytes:
-COOH COO- + H+
-NH2 + H NH3+
they are negatively charged
under physiological pH
ANIONS

9. Common functions of plasma proteins
buffer properties (maintenance of pH)
maintenance of oncotic pressure of blood
some transport proteins have an antioxidant function

10. Classification of plasma proteins
by electrophoretic mobility
prealbumins
albumin
alpha, beta and gama-globulins
fibrinogen
The figure is from textbook: Devlin, T. M. (editor): Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 4th ed. Wiley‑Liss, Inc., New York, ISBN 0‑471‑15451‑2

11. The figure is from textbook: Devlin, T. M
The figure is from textbook: Devlin, T. M. (editor): Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 4th ed. Wiley‑Liss, Inc., New York, ISBN 0‑471‑15451‑2

12. Principal proteins of each fraction
immunoglobulins: IgG, IgA, IgM
2-macroglobulin
haptoglobin
1-antitrypsin
orosomucoid
transferrin
C3-complement

13. Position of lipoproteins in electrophoretic patern
The figure is from: Devlin, T. M. (editor): Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 4th ed. Wiley‑Liss, Inc., New York, ISBN 0‑471‑15451‑2

14. by specific function transport proteins proteins of immune system
system of proteases and antiproteases
proteins of hemocoagulation system
signal proteins
enzymes
cellular proteins

15. by clinical use cardiomarkers tumormarkers acute phase reactants
cellular enzymes
hormones
cytokines

16. Factors influencing concentration of proteins
total protein: 64 – 83 g/l
velocity of synthesis and degradation
distribution in body fluids
loss into the third place
elimination from the body
hydration of the body

17. other important factors:
elevation of concentration before taking blood sample
body position ( in supine position)
tightening of arm
storage of biological speciment

18. Consequences of abnormal concentrations
change in sedimentation of erytrocytes
swelling
polyuria
increased sensitivity to infections

19. Physiological variability
increased concentrations
plasma > serum (fibrinogen)
stand-up position (by %)
increased muscle activity (by 12 %)
dehydration
decreased concentrations
children, pregnant women
after starvation (albumin, transferrin, C3)

20. 25 g are synthesized and produced daily
Location of synthesis
liver most of plasma proteins
plasmocytes immunoglobulins
other cells e.g. 2-microglobulin
25 g are synthesized and produced daily

21. Regulation of synthesis
INCREASE
inflammation
hypertyroidism
hypercotizolism
grows hormone 
irron deficiency
protein loss
clonal production of Ig
DECREASE
liver damage with  parench. tissue
nutritional deficit
hypotyroidism
diabetes mellitus
alcoholism

22. Regulation of synthesis
INCREASE
inflammation
hypertyroidism
hypercotizolism
grows hormone 
irron deficiency
protein loss
clonal production of Ig
DECREASE
liver damage with  parench. tissue
nutritional deficit
hypotyroidism
diabetes mellitus
alcoholism

23. Catabolism of proteins
location
liver
kidneys
endotelial cells
other cells
course
desialization of glycoproteins
pinocytosis
hydrolysis in lysosomes
use of amino acids

24. Catabolism of proteins
location
liver
kidneys
endotelial cells
other cells
course
desialization of glycoproteins
pinocytosis
hydrolysis in lysosomes
use of amino acids

25. velocity of the catabolism is described by BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE
catabolism can be influenced by
increased sialization of glycoproteins
target receptors defect
DECREASE IN CATABOLISM OF PROTEINS
velocity of the catabolism is described by BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE

26. HALF-LIFE of plasma proteins
is related to function of a protein
the longest: structural proteins
the smallest: regulatory proteins
it is influenced by
distribution
velocity of catabolism and elimination
USE IN DIAGNOSTICS

27. Elimination from organism
filtration in the kidneys excretion with urine
physilogical loss: < 150 mg/day
diffusion into gastrointestinal tract hydrolysis or excretion with feaces
loss with skin

28. laboratory determination use in diagnostics correct interpretation

29. http://www.sebia-usa.com/products/reagents.html (Feb 2007)