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Thickets of elm, poplar, reeds, and shrubs grow along the banks of rivers and lakes. Coniferous trees, such as spruce, larch, cedar, and juniper, grow.

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Presentation on theme: "Thickets of elm, poplar, reeds, and shrubs grow along the banks of rivers and lakes. Coniferous trees, such as spruce, larch, cedar, and juniper, grow."— Presentation transcript:

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2 Thickets of elm, poplar, reeds, and shrubs grow along the banks of rivers and lakes. Coniferous trees, such as spruce, larch, cedar, and juniper, grow in thick forests on the mountain slopes in the extreme east and southeast.

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4 Wildlife in Kazakhstan such as cheetah,caspian seal,wolf,golden eagle,gray wolf,great bustard,great gerbil,greater flamingo,hemorrhois ravergieri,jerbao,onager,pallas’s cat,sand cat,etc.

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6 Agriculture in Kazakhstan remains a small scale sector of Kazakhstan's economy. Agriculture's contribution to theGDP is under 10% - it was recorded as 6.7%, and as occupying only 20% of labor. At the same time, more than 70% of its land is occupied in crops and animal husbandry. Compared to North America, a relatively small percentage of land is used for crops, with the percentage being higher in the north of the country. 70% of the agricultural land is permanent pastureland.

7 Kazakhstan's largest crop is wheat, which it exports. It ranks as the sixth largest wheat producer in the world.Minor crops include barley, cotton, sugar beets, sunflowers, flax, and rice. Agricultural lands in Kazakhstan were depleted of their nutrients during the Virgin Lands Campaign during the Soviet era. This continues to impact production today. Kazakh wine is produced in the mountains east of Almaty.

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9 Kazakhstan also faces the problem of urban pollution, particularly in its eastern cities, which receive harmful emissions from lead and zinc smelters, a uranium-processing mill, and other industries. In recent years, environmental activist groups in Kazakhstan have begun lobbying for tighter emission controls. Other environmental issues in Kazakhstan include soil pollution from the overuse of pesticides in agriculture and the increasingly polluted waters of the Caspian Sea.

10 Most of Kazakhstan’s water supply has been polluted by industrial and agricultural runoff and, in some places, radioactivity. The Aral Sea, which is shared with Uzbekistan, has shrunk to three separate bodies of water because of water drawdowns in its tributary rivers. A Soviet-era biological weapons site is a threat because it is located on a former island in the Aral Sea that is now connected with the mainland. The reduction in the Aral Sea’s water surface has exacerbated regional climatic extremes, and agricultural soil has been damaged by salt deposits and eroded by wind. Desertification has eliminated substantial tracts of agricultural land.

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12 1.Dust storms of chemical pesticides and salts around of the Aral Sea. 2.Earthquakes in the south. 3.Mudslides around the city of Almaty

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14 The ecosystems of the Aral Sea and the river deltas feeding into it have been nearly destroyed, not least because of the much higher salinity. The receding sea has left huge plains covered with salt and toxic chemicals the results of weapons testing, industrial projects, and pesticides and fertilizer runoff – which are picked up and carried away by the wind as toxic dust and spread to the surrounding area. The land around the Aral Sea is heavily polluted, and the people living in the area are suffering from a lack of fresh water and health problems, including high rates of certain forms of cancer and lung diseases. Respiratory illnesses, including tuberculosis and cancer, digestive disorders, anaemia, and infectious diseases are common ailments in the region.

15 Possible environmental solutions Many different solutions to the problems have been suggested over the years, varying in feasibility and cost, including: Improving the quality of irrigation canals Installing desalination plants Charging farmers to use the water from the rivers Using alternative cotton species that require less water Using fewer chemicals on the cotton Moving farming away from cotton Installing dams to fill the Aral Sea Redirecting water from the Volga, Ob and Irtysh Rivers to restore the Aral Sea to its former size in 20–30 years at a cost of US$30–50 billion Pumping sea water into the Aral Sea from the Caspian Sea via a pipeline, and diluting it with fresh water from local catchment areas

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18 Sukhum Jarangdej M.2/4 No.7 Nitipon Sodawong M.2/4 No.8 Saranphatr Boykratoke M.2/4 No.9 Thanakorn Nuchitkachornwut M.2/4 No.10 Pathomporn Ussawanawachat M.2/4 No.11 Natchapat Chaipongpati M.2/4 No.12


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