1. Or how to express what someone else said before! IES Hermógenes Rodríguez

2.  DIRECT SPEECH:  It transcribes literally what somebody said before  We don’t need to change the sentence  My father said: ‘You need to eat better!’  REPORTED SPEECH:  It reformulates what somebody said before into one’s own sentence  We need to change the sentence  My father said (THAT) I needed to eat better! IES Hermógenes Rodríguez

3. Changes on TENSES Simple present Go Simple past Went Simple past Went Past perfect Had gone Past perfect (doesn’t change)Had gone Present continuous Is going Past continuous Was going Past continuous Was going Past perfect continuous Had been going Past perfect continuous (doesn’t change) Had been going Will Will go Would Would go Would Would go Would have … Would have gone Shall Shall go Should Should go Can Can go Could Could go May May go Might Might go Must / have to Have to go Had to Had to go Could, might, had to, should, would, ought to (don’t change) Could, might, had to, should, would, ought to go IES Hermógenes Rodríguez

4. CHANGES IN PLACE AND TIME EXPRESSIONS Present TodayThat day NowThen / in that moment Past Yesterday The day before / the last day / the previous day Last week The week before / the last week/ the previous week A month ago The month before / the last month/ the previous month Future Tomorrow The next day / the following day / the day after Next weekThe next week / the following week Next monthThe next month / the following month Place HereThere DemostrativeThisThat DemostrativeTheseThose IES Hermógenes Rodríguez

5. CHANGES ON PRONOUNS IHe, she / him, her MyHis, her WeThey / them YouI, he, she, we, they / me, him YourMy, his, her, our, their IES Hermógenes Rodríguez

6.  It rephrases the sentence according to the following structure:  Subject + 'said' + (that) + subordinate sentence He said: ‘I’m really tired!’………… He said (that) he was really tired  Subject + 'told' + object pronoun + (that) + subordinate sentence He told me: ‘I’m really tired!’ ………… He told me (that) he was really tired IES Hermógenes Rodríguez

7. “I have something to show you” I said to her I said to her (THAT) I had something to show her “Nothing grows in my garden”, she said. She said (THAT) nothing grew in her garden “I’m leaving tomorrow”, he informed his mother. He informed his mother (THAT) he was leaving the next / following day "The film had already started when they arrived," I said. I said (that) the film had already started when they arrived "No way! I won't phone Mary," he said  He said (that) he wouldn’t phone Mary IES Hermógenes Rodríguez

8.  "You must be prepared for the worst," the doctor said  The doctor said (that) I had to be prepared for the worst  "We're meeting John next weekend," she said to me  She said to me (that) they were meeting John the following weekend  "You must tell the truth," they said to us  The said to us (that) we had to tell the truth  "They saw the vase was broken once they opened the parcel," I said  I said (that) they saw the vase was broken once they had opened the parcel  "I'm doing my homework now," the boy said  The boy said (that) he was doing his homework then IES Hermógenes Rodríguez