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Published byMeredith Blankenship Modified over 9 years ago
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Naming Bases Bases are ionic compounds composed of
a) metallic or positively charged ions & b) negatively charged hydroxide ion (OH-) Rule for naming: add the word “hydroxide” to the name of the positive ion Ex) NaOH KOH Ca(OH)2
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SALTS Salts are usually described as ionic solids, made up of a positive metallic ion & a negative non-metallic ion joined together by an ionic bond. Salts may be prepared through the neutralization reaction between an acid & a base. acid + base salt + water Ex) HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
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Naming Salts: The negative ion of a salt is named by using a stem, the name of the acid with a different ending. The pattern is as follows: ending of name of acid ending of negative ion “ic” becomes ate “ous” becomes ite Ex) 1. HBrO4 + NaOH NaBrO4 + H2O perbromic acid sodium perbromate
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bromous acid sodium bromite 4. HBrO + NaOH NaBrO + H2O
bromic acid sodium bromate 3. HBrO2 + NaOH NaBrO2 + H2O bromous acid sodium bromite 4. HBrO + NaOH NaBrO + H2O hypobromous acid sodium hypobromite Name the parent acid & base of each salt: Negative ion – from acid Positive ion – from base SALT PARENT ACID PARENT BASE KNO3 Na2SO4 LiClO NaFO4
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Salts of Diprotic Acids (H2SO4 & H2CO3)
Salt with 1 hydrogen are sometimes indicated by the use of the prefix “bi”. Ex) NaHSO4 sodium bisulfate or sodium hydrogen sulfate Salts of Polyprotic Acids (H3PO4) Prefixes may be used to indicate the number of acid hydrogens remaining. Ex) H3PO4 - acid parent phosphoric acid NaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate Na2HPO4 sodium monohydrogen phosphate Na3HPO4 sodium phosphate
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NOTE: the charge of the negative ion is determined by the number of protons (H+) lost.
CO32- lost 2H+ = H2CO3 PO43- lost 3H+ = H3PO4 NO2- lost 1H+ = HNO2 Sample Problems: Name the following salts. NaFO calcium hyponitrite KClO2 LiBrO iron (III) percarbonate NaClO3 HNO
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