1. 1 Basic Structure of the Sentence

2. 2 subject predicate object verb link v. + predicative n., pron., etc. appositive: n., etc. attributive: adj., prep., etc. adverbial: adv., prep., etc. Basic Structure I study English at school. adj., ad., n., pron., etc. n., pron., etc. My teacher Ms Xu is a middle-aged woman.

3. 3 Simple Sentences 简单句 Compound Sentences 并列句 Complex Sentences 复合句 Compound-Complex Sentences 并列复合句 Types of Sentences according to structure & grammar

4. 4 Simple Sentences Think more. Definition (p12) 如果句子包含一个主谓结构, 而句子各个成分都只由单词或 短语表示, 它就是简单句。 I am a Chinese. The Party and government show great concern for the flood victims. He likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall-newspaper. She and her husband have always lived, worked, suffered and enjoyed happiness together. sub. sub. (n+n) sub. sub. (pron.+n) pred. pred. (v+v) pred. (v+v+v+v) + obj.+ adv.(prep.) + obj. + adv.(ad.) + adv.

5. 5 Compound Sentences The camera-work is perfect(,) and the cast is good. We love peace(,) but we are not afraid of war. It is late, so we must hurry. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. subject predicate Coordinating conjunctions 并列连词 : p5 and, but, so, yet, for, or, nor, ; subject predicate

6. 6 subject predicate Complex Sentences What I want to emphasize is this. The news told us what had happened there the day before. I am not interested in what you said. That’s exactly what I am planning to do. What’s the name of the film that you saw yesterday? The Mayor expressed confidence that Shanghai would win the bid to host the World Expo 2010. You will understand it when you grow up. Subordinating conjunctions 从属连词 : p6 subject predicate sub. pred.

7. 7 Definition of compound & complex sentences Definition (p13) 如果句子包含有两个或更多互不依 从的主谓结构, 就是并列句。并列句 由等立连词或分号 “ ; ” 把两个或两个 以上的简单句连在一起构成。 Definition (p15) 复合句中包含有两个或更多的主谓结 构, 其中有一个或更多的主谓结构充当句 子的某一或一些成分, 如主语、宾语、 表语、定语、状语、同位语等。

8. 8 Compound-Complex Sentences (p19) He came, but he did not say that he had been ill. We know very well that there are difficulties, but none of them are insurmountable. She said she would work as a cook, and I told her that I would learn to be a carpenter. If they wish to live fully, most people need amusement to relax, and many people need intellectual challenges to develop their minds.

9. Ex. Analyze the sentences Rome is the capital of Italy, and it is where the Vatican ( 罗马教廷 ) is located. She wrapped the package as quickly as she could, but the post office was closed when she reached it. If he doesn’t have the book and no one can offer him that, I’ll try to get him a copy. If there’s anything I can do for you, just let me know. If we want to keep fit, we must always remember that prevention is better than cure.

10. 10 Assignments Write at least four related sentences with at least one statement, one question, one command and one exclamation. Analyze the sentences (p9, p10) structurally. Write a meaningful short passage with at least: –1 simple sentence –1 compound sentence –1 complex sentence –1 compound-complex sentence

11. We are not so easily misled by vision. Most of the things before our eyes are plainly there, not mistakable for other things except for the illusions created by professional magicians and, sometimes, the look of the lights of downtown New York against a sky so black as to make it seem a near view of eternity. Our eyes are not easy to fool. Paragraph on p10 which are which is

12. Most of the things are there., not mistakable for other things before our eyes except for the illusions created by professional magicians and, sometimes, (by) the look of the lights against a sky so black as to make it seem a near view plainly of downtown New York of eternity

13. It is particularly difficult to find good, cheap accommodation in big cities. What is more, public transport is sometimes crowded and dirty, particularly in the rush hour, and even the parks can become very crowded, especially on Sundays when it seems that every city-dweller is looking for some open space and green grass. Last of all, despite all the crowds, it is still possible to feel very lonely in a city. Paragraphs on p9 1.1. parenthesis 插入语

14. Public transportation is crowded and dirty, and the parks can become very crowded. What is more, in rush hour, particularly even, especially on Sunday every city-dweller is looking for some open space and green grass sometimes when it seems that

15. In conclusion, I think that city life can be particularly appealing to young people, who like the excitement of the city and don’t mind the noise and pollution. However, many people, when they get older, and particularly when they have young children, often prefer the peace and fresh air of the countryside. Paragraph on p10 2.2.

16. 16 I think that... In conclusion,, who like the excitement of the city and don’t mind the noise and pollution. particularly city life can be appealing to young people

17. 17 many people prefer the peace and fresh air. However,, when they get older of the countryside often, and when they have children, particularly