1. In this unit, we will learn: How living things are classified How different species are named What bacteria look like What microorganisms are If microorganisms are dangerous

2. 1. Classification of living things Classification systems are used to organize all the living things on Earth. We used to use artificial systems –Based on visible characteristics Now we use a natural system –Based on evolution

3. 1.1 Classification categories Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Most specific Least specific

4. - Naming the species Two individuals belong to the same species if they can reproduce together and have fertile descendants. Labrador retriever Poodle Labradoodle

5. - Naming the species Binomial Nomenclature –A two word naming system (1 st name: Genus, 2 nd name: species). Common Name: The everyday name given to an organism Scientific Name: The two-word Latin name of a species –Homo sapiens –Canis familiaris

6. Why do we need scientific names? In the U.S and England this bird is called the house sparrow, in Spain the gorrion, in Holland the musch, and in Sweden the hussparf However, this bird has only ONE scientific name: Passer domesticus

7. Homework Page 125 #7, 8, 10, 16

8. 2. The five kingdoms KINGDOMTYPE OF NUTRITION CELLULAR ORGANISM TYPE OF CELL HAS TISSUES? MoneranAutotrophic or Heterotrophic Single cellProkaryoticNo ProtistAutotrophic or Heterotrophic Single cell or Multicellular EukaryoticNo FungusHeterotrophicSingle cell or Multicellular EukaryoticNo PlantAutotrophicMulticellularEukaryoticYes AnimalHeterotrophicMulticellularEukaryoticYes S PECIAL N OTE : V IRUSES Because viruses cannot survive outside the cells of another animal, and they only perform one of the three vital functions, they are not included in any Kingdom.

9. The Family Tree of Living Things

10. 3. The Moneran Kingdom This Kingdom includes unicellular organisms without a nucleus –PROKARYTIC cells Bacteria –Can be pathogens Treated with Antibiotics –Most bacteria are beneficial

11. What do bacteria look like?

12. Prokaryotic Single-cell Very simple structure Size: 1-10 microns –one-millionth of a meter –μm

13. Types of Bacteria

14. What type of bacteria? AB C D E F

15. Homework Page 125 #8e, 15 Page 129 #22

16. 4. The Protist Kingdom The “random kingdom” KINGDOMTYPE OF NUTRITION CELLULAR ORGANISM TYPE OF CELL HAS TISSUES? MoneranAutotrophic or Heterotrophic Single cellProkaryoticNo ProtistAutotrophic or Heterotrophic Single cell or Multicellular EukaryoticNo FungusHeterotrophicSingle cell or Multicellular EukaryoticNo PlantAutotrophicMulticellularEukaryoticYes AnimalHeterotrophicMulticellularEukaryoticYes

17. 4.1 Protozoa Single-cell heterotrophs Live –In water –Parasites Divided into four groups

18. Ciliates Have cilia to move Have two nuclei Can be parasites or live freely in water Example: Paramecium

19. Flagellates Most types are parasites Use one or two flagella to move Example: Trypanosoma brucei –Causes sleeping sickness

20. Rhizopoda Have pseudopods to move and eat with Some are parasites –Entamoeba histolytica Others live freely –amoeba

21. Sporozoa Non-motile All parasites Reproduce asexually through spores Example: Plasmodium malariae

22. Homework Page 129 # 20, 23

23. 4.2 Algae Aquatic Single-celled –BUT can group together with other algae to form a mass of algae

24. 4.2 Algae Have chlorophyll –or other photosynthetic elements –NOT plants! –Autotrophic

25. 4.2 Algae Many types – classified by their main pigment color 1.Brown Algae –Marine –Multicellular –Biggest ones are ~50 meters long

26. 4.2 Algae 2. Red Algae –Single-celled or multicellular –Attach to sea floor or shells –Have red pigment

27. 4.2 Algae 3. Green Algae –Cells have a lot of chlorophyll –Live in all aquatic environments –There is a lot of diversity in this type of algae

28. -The importance of algae Produce marine organic matter Used in food and fertilizers Used in the food and pharmaceutical industries

29. Homework Page 129 #26 and 29

30. 5. The Fungus Kingdom Mushrooms, yeasts, and moulds KINGDOMTYPE OF NUTRITION CELLULAR ORGANISM TYPE OF CELL HAS TISSUES? MoneranAutotrophic or Heterotrophic Single cellProkaryoticNo ProtistAutotrophic or Heterotrophic Single cell or Multicellular EukaryoticNo FungusHeterotrophicSingle cell or Multicellular EukaryoticNo PlantAutotrophicMulticellularEukaryoticYes AnimalHeterotrophicMulticellularEukaryoticYes

31. - Characteristics of fungi Eukaryotic Single-celled or multicellular Reproduce sexually and asexually Need a humid atmosphere

32. - Types of fungi Single cell fungi –Yeasts Cause fermentation (to make alcohol, yogurt, bread, etc.)

33. - Types of fungi Multicellular fungi –Mushrooms Caps are the reproductive apparatus Use spores to reproduce

34. - Types of fungi Multicellular fungi –Moulds Don’t have real tissue Cells are grouped into hyphae

35. Homework Page 131 #30, 33, 35, 38