1. IODINE DIFFICIENCY

2. The main clinical signs of iodine deficiency is goiter,neonatal mortality with alopecia and enlargement of thyroid gland.

3. ETIOLOGY

4. Either primary deficiency of iodine in the dait or 2 nd duo high intake of Ca or continued intake of low level of cyanogenetic glycoside

5. PATHGENESIS

6. Decrease of iodine decrease production of thyroxin and stimulation of secretion of thyrotropic hormone by the pituitary gland hyperplasia of the thyroid tissue and enlargement of the glands. The deficiency of thyroxin is responsible for sever weakness and alopecia of effected animals.

7. CLINICAL SIGNS

8. 1-Loss of condition 2-decrease in milk production 3-weakness 4-loss of libido in bulls and failure of estrus in cows. 5-high incidence of abortion and stillbirth 6-partial or complete alopecia 7-enlagement of thyroid gland

9. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

10. 1-Estemation of iodine in blood and milk 2- Estemation ofprotien iodine in blood and serum

11. D.DIAGNOSIS Infecious abortion

12. TREATMENT

13. Treatment of neonates with obvious clinical evidence of iodine deficiency is usually not undertaken because of the high case fatality rate. When outbreaks of iodine deficiency occur in neonates, the emphasis is usually on providing additional iodine to the pregnant dams. The recommendations for control can be adapted to the treatment of affected animals.

14. CONTROL

15. The recommended dietary intake of iodine for cattle is 1)0.8-1.0 mg/kg DM of feed for lactating and pregnant cows 2) 0.1-0.3 mg/kg DM of feed for nonpregnant cows and calves. 3)Provision of iodine salt or fertilizer 60gm /cow Individual dosing of pregnant animals with pot. Iodide orally in the last 2months of gestation Weekly application with tincture of iodide 4cc for cow,2cc for sheep.