1. The American Colonies Take Shape
Chapter 3
The American Colonies Take Shape

2. Immigration and Slavery
Push – Pull factors
Push – negative, causing you to leave
Pull – positive, drawing you to one area
Immigrants – Germany, Scotland, Ireland
Indentured Servants – passage paid in return for work contract
Portugal - African slave trade
Middle Passage – journey from Africa
Different languages and cultures
MOST went to West Indies
Strong immune system

4. Slavery cont. Triangular Trade
North – smallest number; farmhands, dockworkers, house servants
Middle & South – tobacco, sugar, indigo, rice
Phillis Wheatley – Af. American poet

6. Government English tradition of democracy Magna Carta – 1215
Reduced power of king
Needed consent of nobles to pass laws
Parliament – bicameral legislature (2 houses)
Self rule in colonies – local govts., town meetings, etc.
1689 – Glorious Revolution – William and Mary signed English Bill of Rights
Guarantees freedoms from Magna Carta
Habeas Corpus – cannot hold someone w/out charge
Jury Trial

7. Economic Relationship
Salutary Neglect – England trades with colonies and allows self-rule (ignores)
Mercantilism – System of trade – mother country exports goods in exchange for gold and silver
Both sides benefit
England benefits the most – sells more than they purchase
Navigation Acts – only English ships could trade with colonies, specified certain products could only go to England, had to use an English port and pay duties (taxes)

8. New Ideas
Enlightenment – European ideas that all problems could be solved by human reason
Scientific Revolution – used observation & experimentation
Challenged thinking about religion, science, government; apply natural laws & reason to gov.
Challenged ideas of unlimited government, proposed “natural” rights of people, basic human (inalienable) rights, govt. by the consent of the governed (the people)
Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau
Benjamin Franklin inspired by Enlightenment – scientist, inventor, writer, “Renaissance Man”

9. New Ideas cont.
Great Awakening – Revival of religious fervor; power of individual
Evangelical preachers traveled preaching
Rejected Enlightenment/Secular ideas
Jonathon Edwards, George Whitefield
Led to formation of new churches, independent thinking

10. Wars of Empire Worldwide struggle for empires
N. America – France vs. England
French & Indian War (1754)
Indians allied with French (some w/English)
Washington – young British soldier
Treaty of Paris 1763 ends war – British win control of N. America (& Canada)
Flood of British settlers into Indian lands
Pontiac’s Rebellion – uprising against settlers; ran out of ammunition, defeated
Made peace in exchange for Proclamation of 1763 (no settlers west of Appalachian mountains)

12. Aftermath Revealed split between British & colonists
British wanted greater control
Wanted colonists to pay for war
Albany Plan of Union (Benjamin Franklin)
First attempt to unite colonies
Failed – colonies didn’t want to give up authority
Timeline – Jamestown 1607 – Georgia 1733
British first supported then changed - didn’t like idea of united colonies
This war is the beginning of the trouble between the British and the colonists – will lead to REVOLUTION!