1. Goal – II : Bridge All Gender & Social Category Gaps at Elementary Level by 2010 Presentation by : Ms. Kiran Dogra, Consultant Annexure – VII

2. INTRODUCTION Gender Gap in enrolment is the gap in percentage point, between the ratio of boys and girls enrolment Type of Gender Gap in Education which are tracked 1. Enrolment 2. Retention 3. Transition 4. Achievement

3. Barriers for Girls Education Economic : Poverty, Migration, low wages, Economic : Poverty, Migration, low wages, Social : Attitudes of parents & community, Deep rooted Social Practices, Early marriage, Child labor, Sibling care, Social : Attitudes of parents & community, Deep rooted Social Practices, Early marriage, Child labor, Sibling care, Infrastructural : access to school at UP, gap in Pupil teacher ratio, lack of girls toilets, lack of sensitivity of teachers towards girls’ special needs Infrastructural : access to school at UP, gap in Pupil teacher ratio, lack of girls toilets, lack of sensitivity of teachers towards girls’ special needs

4. Generic provisions under SSA Opening new schools at primary and upper primary. Opening new schools at primary and upper primary. Residential schools at upper primary level. Residential schools at upper primary level. SSA interventions of free textbooks, girls toilets, recruitment of women teachers, pre-school support under ECCE, bridge courses for out of school girls, gender sensitization of teachers. SSA interventions of free textbooks, girls toilets, recruitment of women teachers, pre-school support under ECCE, bridge courses for out of school girls, gender sensitization of teachers. Innovative activities in several States – Life skills education, remedial teaching, vocational training for older girls, health and hygiene camps and uniforms/ incentives. Innovative activities in several States – Life skills education, remedial teaching, vocational training for older girls, health and hygiene camps and uniforms/ incentives. What SSA provides for Girls Education

5. Gender Gap in Enrolment since 2002-03

6.  Girls enrolment at primary is 47.8% and at upper primary is 45.8%  There is declining trend in Gender Gap in enrolment STATUS OF GENDER GAP 2002-032003-042004-052005-062006-07 Primary5.5%5.1%5.1%4.5%3.9% Upper Primary 10.7%9.4%8.9%8.0%6.9% Goal 2: Bridging Gender and Social Gaps [National Scenario]

7. Share of girls enrolment in States of 35 million plus cities at Primary Level States % Share of Girls 2002-03Gap2006-07Gap AP49%1.749% 1.4 ↓ Bihar42%15.146% 8.2 ↓ Delhi48%3.147% 6.5 ↑ Gujarat46%7.747% 6.4 ↓ Haryana48%4.547% 5.4 ↑ Jharkhand45%10.749% 2.8 ↓ Karnataka49%2.948% 3.2 ↑

8. States % Share of Girls 2002-03Gap2006-07Gap Kerala49%1.449% 1.1 ↓ Madhya Pradesh 47%5.549% 2.5 ↓ Maharashtra48%4.247% 5.4 ↑ PunjabNANA46% 8.3 ↓ Rajasthan46%8.847% 6.4 ↓ Tamilnadu48%3.548% 3.2 ↓ Uttar Pradesh 47%5.549% 2.3 ↓ West Bengal 49%1.249% 1.4 ↑ Continued…….

9. States % Share of Girls 2003-04Gap2006-07Gap AP46%7.648% 3.6 ↓ Bihar35%29.142% 16.7 ↓ Delhi47%5.847% 6.4 ↑ Gujarat42%16.145% 10.6 ↓ Haryana47%6.148% 3.6 ↓ Jharkhand40%20.145% 9.5 ↓ Karnataka47%5.548% 4.1 ↓ Share of girls enrollment in States of 35 million plus cities at Upper Primary Level

10. States % Share of Girls 2003-04Gap2006-07Gap Kerala48%3.648% 3.5 ↓ Madhya Pradesh 41%18.345% 9.9 ↓ Maharashtra48%5.047% 5.9 ↑ PunjabNANA46% 7.9 ↓ Rajasthan34%32.240% 20.2 ↓ Tamilnadu48%3.748% 3.7 ↓ Uttar Pradesh 42%16.947% 5.4 ↓ West Bengal 48%4.950% 0.9 ↓ Continued………

11. Gender Gap in the States of Million Plus Cities at Primary >=10 pp Name of The State : Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh Total No. of States: 07

12. Gender Gap in the States of Million Plus Cities at Upper Primary >=20 pp Name of The State: Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh Total No. of States: 07

13. 13 Status of Out of School Children Out of School Children 2001 326 lakh 2008 45 lakh 2005 6.9 % 7.9% 8.1% 9.5% 9.9% 2008 2.2 % 3.7% 2.3% 4.5% 3.4% Total Girls SC ST Muslim

14. Reducing trends in Out of School Girls Out of 75 lakh OOSC, % of out of schools girls - 49.9% which is 3.9% of total 6-14 population of girls. In 6-11 years girls out of school are 3.34%. In 11-14 year girls out of school are 5.30%. Out of School among SCs declining 3.97% SCs Out of School (8.1% SRI IMRB) States where SC OoSC >4% Bihar, UP, Nagaland, Mizoram, WB, Orissa, Assam, Sikkim, Punjab, Haryana, J & K Dropout gap at primary level between all categories and Scheduled Caste is 5.21% points. (SES) Goa (53.67), UP (18.54), Tamil Nadu (12.22), WB (11.28) Haryana (9.8), HP (8.79), Chandigarh (7.61), Punjab (5.24)

15. Trends in Transition Rates (primary to upper primary) Increase in 8.6 pp against that of boys increased by 7.65 pp. Increase in 8.6 pp against that of boys increased by 7.65 pp. Gender gap in transition has narrowed from 4.03 pp to 3.02 since 2003-04 Gender gap in transition has narrowed from 4.03 pp to 3.02 since 2003-04 Transition rate for SC girls increased from 80 (2004-05) to 83 (2005-06) – (Gender Gap in transition is 3 pp in 2005-06). Transition rate for SC girls increased from 80 (2004-05) to 83 (2005-06) – (Gender Gap in transition is 3 pp in 2005-06). Transition rate for ST girls increased from 85 (2004-05) to 88 (2005-06) - (Gender Gap in transition is 2 pp in 2005-06). Transition rate for ST girls increased from 85 (2004-05) to 88 (2005-06) - (Gender Gap in transition is 2 pp in 2005-06). YearBoysGirlsGap 200376.0171.984.03 200479.9675.784.18 200583.6680.643.02

16. Initiatives for Bridging Gender & Social Gaps  Focus on Girls  Special focus on SC, ST, OBC, and Minority Girls Major Interventions: National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL) National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL) Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) Alternative and Innovative Education Alternative and Innovative Education

17. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya Setting up of residential schools with boarding facility at elementary level for girls Setting up of residential schools with boarding facility at elementary level for girls Main focus on SC/ST/OBC and Muslim minorities in difficult areas (75% reserved) Main focus on SC/ST/OBC and Muslim minorities in difficult areas (75% reserved) Scheme applicable in Educationally Backward Blocks (EBB) Scheme applicable in Educationally Backward Blocks (EBB) Objective is to address gender gap in literacy. Objective is to address gender gap in literacy.

18. NPEGEL Major focus: Enrolment of out of school girls Enrolment of out of school girls Ensuring retention Ensuring retention Quality education with life skills Quality education with life skills Community Participation Community Participation Teacher sensitization Teacher sensitization Girl friendly school environment Girl friendly school environment Gender equality Gender equality

19. The Achievements at a Glance 20 million girls covered under NPEGEL 20 million girls covered under NPEGEL 150,000 girls covered under KGBV 150,000 girls covered under KGBV 1600 adolescent girls covered under MSK 1600 adolescent girls covered under MSK MSK graduates as instructors for Karate, Yoga and skill development in NPEGEL schools MSK graduates as instructors for Karate, Yoga and skill development in NPEGEL schools More than 1 lakh adolescent girls forums (Meena munch) are working for social change More than 1 lakh adolescent girls forums (Meena munch) are working for social change Balsansad / Balsanghams (adolescents forums) Balsansad / Balsanghams (adolescents forums)

20. Emphasis on… Empowerment of Girls / Life Skill education, Gender equality, Remedial teaching, Livelihood Education / Vocational Training, Health Education – adolescents special needs, Gender Sensitization & capacity building of teachers, Gender sensitive teaching learning curriculum and material, Participatory learning environment, Institutional visits, etc. Free text books & uniform, scholarship, bridging for mainstream education, girl friendly environment, residential schools (UPS), opening of girls schools, recruitment of women teachers (50%) Empowerment of Girls / Life Skill education, Gender equality, Remedial teaching, Livelihood Education / Vocational Training, Health Education – adolescents special needs, Gender Sensitization & capacity building of teachers, Gender sensitive teaching learning curriculum and material, Participatory learning environment, Institutional visits, etc. Free text books & uniform, scholarship, bridging for mainstream education, girl friendly environment, residential schools (UPS), opening of girls schools, recruitment of women teachers (50%)

21. Challenges SRI – IMRB study estimates 7.92 % girls are out of school. (4% SC, 4.8 % ST, 3.6 % OBC and 4.5.% Muslim girls)SRI – IMRB study estimates 7.92 % girls are out of school. (4% SC, 4.8 % ST, 3.6 % OBC and 4.5.% Muslim girls) Districts with high gender gapDistricts with high gender gap Primary (gender gap > 10%) – 22Primary (gender gap > 10%) – 22 Upper primary (gender gap > 15 %) - 160Upper primary (gender gap > 15 %) - 160 Completion of primary cycle and transition to upper primaryCompletion of primary cycle and transition to upper primary Percentage of female teachers in schoolsPercentage of female teachers in schools Functional girls toiletsFunctional girls toilets

22. Challenges Migration for livelihood Migration for livelihood Attitudes of parents & patriarchal socialization process Attitudes of parents & patriarchal socialization process Strong rooted societal pressures – dropouts due to early marriages, domestic labor, sibling care Strong rooted societal pressures – dropouts due to early marriages, domestic labor, sibling care Preparation for mainstreaming and sustaining enthusiasm both in parents and children Preparation for mainstreaming and sustaining enthusiasm both in parents and children Identification of right aptitude teachers, sensitized towards education of girls Identification of right aptitude teachers, sensitized towards education of girls

23. EXPECTATIONS Targeting focus Groups only Targeting focus Groups only Complete enrollment of KGBVs Complete enrollment of KGBVs Adequate deployment of resources Adequate deployment of resources Close interaction with community Close interaction with community Special emphases on marginalized section among SC, ST and Muslims Special emphases on marginalized section among SC, ST and Muslims Monitoring Monitoring Blocks specific strategies for in schools and out of schools girls with measurable out comes. Blocks specific strategies for in schools and out of schools girls with measurable out comes.

24. Thank You