1. Skeletal System Composed of the body’s bones and associated ligaments, tendons, and cartilages

2. Functions Support Protect Movement: skeletal muscle use the bones as levers to move the body Reservoir for minerals like calcium and phosphorous Blood cells are made in the marrow

3. Bone Structure Bones are organs. They are composed of tissues. - fibrous connective tissue - cartilages - vascular tissue - lymphatic tissue - adipose tissue - nerve tissue

4. Bone Structure All bones consists of a dense, solid outer layer known as compact bone and inner layer of spongy bone.

6. Joints Joints allow movement to occur

7. Bone Marrow Bone marrow is the soft tissue occupying the medullary cavity of a long bone. Blood cells are formed in the marrow

8. Fracture Despite its mineral strength, bone may crack or even break if subjected to extreme loads, sudden impacts, or stresses from unusual directions

9. Nutritional Effects on Bone Normal bone growth and maintenance cannot occur without sufficient dietary intake of calcium and phosphate salts Calcium and phosphate are not absorbed in the intestine unless vitamin D is present Vitamin C, A, K, and B12 are all necessary for bone growth as well

10. Clinical Condition Osteoporosis –Bone mass drops and bones become increasingly porous –Compression fractures of the vertebrae and fractures of the femur are common –Often seen in postmenopausal women because of rapid decline in estrogen secretion

11. Clinical Condition Cont. Ricket –Signs include bowed legs, deformities of the pelvis, ribs, and skull –Malnutrition- deficiency of calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin D causes ricket

12. Clinical Condition Cont. Tendonitis- refers to the inflammation of tendons that can occur in many areas of the body. Tendons are thick fibrous cord of tissue that attach muscle to bone. Symptoms are pain, restricted movement, burning sensation, and swelling.

13. Clinical Condition Cont. Arthritis: painful condition of the joints and bones. The main types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Symptoms include stiffness, pain, restricted movement, swelling, warmth or redness of the skin above the joint.

14. Muscular System Structure- The muscular system consists of the body’s muscles. Functions- The contraction of these muscles moves the skeletal system to provide movement

15. Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

16. Skeletal Muscle Is voluntary muscle Is attached to bones to facilitate movement Are called fibers and are striated

17. Cardiac Muscle Is found in the walls of heart Is involuntary Are highly branched and striated

18. Smooth Muscle Is involuntary and without striation Lines the walls of the organs and blood vessels

19. Muscle Coordination During movement some muscles tighten and others relax Body builder use these coordination to build muscles