1. SUO Planning & Decision Aids Austin Tate, AIAI, University of Edinburgh David Wilkins, SRI International Capability to communicate, refine, execute and repair plans across multiple echelons from company level down to platoon and squad level. Two examples of COA plan generation and use: –one offensive (MOUT); –one defensive (protect pass in mixed terrain).

2. ARPI/PDA Goal, Themes & Participants ARPI DARPA GOAL: Develop, demonstrate, and transition advanced knowledge-based technology for automatic and interactive planning, scheduling, and decision making to allow better, faster planning in complex, stressed situations Integrated Planning & Scheduling CMU Kestrel Arizona St. University U Oregon Case-Based Planning CMU MITRE U. Maryland Modeling Simulation & Evaluation U. Mass Klein Northwestern University U. Edinburgh U. Rochester KB Planning Systems SRI Representation & Intelligent KB USC/ISI Loral GE CRD Planning Under Uncertainty Brown University Rockwell Int’l U Washington ISTI U. Edinburgh Workflow Management & Process Control MCC U Wisconsin UCLA ISX BBN Honeywell

3. Long-term Contributions of PDA to the Soldier Shared plan representations cognizant of military principles, doctrine, SOPs and TTPs. Makes possible: Doctrinally correct plan usable by everyone. Fast generation of multiple distinct COAs, including ones the commander may not have considered. Support commander creativity through human guidance. Uniformly high plan quality, even during high-stress crises. Continuous analysis of the plan using multiple metrics. Monitor plan execution and respond quickly to events, helping the commander modify the plan appropriately. Provide relevant information to other echelons, allowing fast communication while preserving bandwidth.

4. Key Issues for SUO The underlying plan representations must be done correctly to support the desired command and control loop Plans are:  doctrinally correct  uniform high quality Beliefs, Resources, Constraints Operators Goals Advice Planner PLAN: Action Structure Soldiers and sensors in the field (apply SOPs) Actions Plan Manager working with the Commander Rapidly respond to events, changing actions and reallocating resources, comms. to other echelons if necessary

5. Technical Contributions by SRI/AIAI to SUO Contribution to the representation of shared objectives, plans, processes, SOPs and TTPs in SUO. Generation of multiple qualitatively distinct alternative COAs dependent upon alternative assumptions and advice about the situation. Support for mixed-initiative incremental plan development, manipulation and use. Plan repair as situation changes. Systems integration framework for modular planning and plan analysis systems. Management of planning and execution process - promotion of intelligent process management and workflow concepts.

6. SUO/PDA Input to SUO/SAS Program Aim is to communicate and transfer some of the relevant results of the ARPI/PDA work to SUO. To do this by joining in the SUO. Community and understanding its requirements. To demonstrate some appropriate and relevant Advanced Planning & Decision Aids Technology. To be helpful to the contracting teams. AIAI/SRI want to act as a conduit to the work of others where they can see its potential relevance.

7. SUO/PDA Preliminary Workplan Phase 1: Familiarization & Domain Modeling Dec98--->Mar99 Apr99----------->Jun99 Jul99------------->Dec99 Jan00--->Mar00 Phase 2: Demo Storyboard, Concept Proofs & Further Domain Modeling Phase 3: System Adaptation & Demo Production Phase 4: Transfer Of Results

8. More Detailed Slides May not be necessary for 9-Feb-99 Briefing

9. SUO Planning & Decision Aids Advanced Planning Technology Schedule 1QCY99 - Domain familiarization. Domain modeling. Create initial plan and activity templates for offensive and defensive scenarios. 2QCY99 - SUO Scenario and storyboard/demo script development. Walk through of technology requirements, mockup of non-working parts. Produce demo script and scenarios. 3QCY99 - Technology and demonstration development first pass, mock demonstration. 4QCY99 - Full demonstration development. 1QCY00 - Transition and communication of results to SUO contractor. Refinement of demonstration and technology. Integration of further modules to support more effective demonstrations. Use results of DARPA/AFRL Planning Initiative (ARPI) and Planning & Decision Aids (PDA) work Multi-Agent Planning Architecture (MPA) and O-Plan Systems Integration Architecture SIPE-2 and O-Plan Generative Planners Mixed Initiative Planning Aids Planning Domain Knowledge Acquisition Tools/Editors Plan Repair Algorithms Planning Process Panels Rich Shared Plan Representations SUO/PDA Objective Capability to communicate, refine, execute and repair plans across multiple echelons from company level down to platoon and squad level. Two examples of COA plan generation and use: - one offensive (MOUT); - one defensive (protect pass in mixed terrain).

10. Example of SRI ARPI/PDA Work Giving Advice to a Planner Integrating human judgement fixes many shortcomings of automated planning technology Heuristic search algorithm  plans quickly  maintains all constraints State of the World Actions One Might Take Objective s Beliefs, Resources, Constraints Operators Goals SIPE-2 Planner PLAN: Action Structure SIPE-2 Execution Monitor and Replanner Actions Commander’s Guidance Advice Advice:  qualitatively different COAs  “directed” search of options

11. Example of AIAI ARPI/PDA Work Edinburgh O-Plan Project Using domain constraints to support the coordinated development of plans. Communication between users acting as Task Assigner and Planner. Intelligent workflow model of planning based on “issue” handling (agenda/to-do list). Simplified planner interfaces to allow ”plug and plan” component integration. Uniform manipulation of plans as a set of constraints ( model). MILESTONES (1996-98) NEW IDEAS IMPACT CONCEPT Task Direction & Plan Analysis COA-2COA-1Planning Workflow Option: COA-2 Phase: Deployment World View Option COA-2 Authority:... Order Issued:.. Plan View Plan Development & Refinement Task Assigner Planner... Criteria 1 Criteria 2 Criteria 3... Q4/Y1 Q4/Y2 Q4/Y3 MIP Demonstration in Pacifica NEO Initial Evaluation Matrix Demonstration scenario development Workflow Planning Aid Experiments TIE with Rochester on Tasking Release of O-Plan Version 3.1 Evaluation Experiments Interim Report Mixed Initiative Planning Demo. TIE with USC/ISI on plan evaluation Release of O-Plan Version 3.2 Final Evaluation Report Generation of multiple qualitatively distinct alternative COAs dependent upon alternative assumptions concerning the emerging crisis. Support for mixed-initiative incremental plan development, manipulation and use. Promotion of intelligent process management and workflow concepts. Integration framework for large-scale modular planning systems. Contribution to shared plan representations.

12. SUO/PDA Preliminary Systems Sketch Knowledge Acquisition Stage Process Modeling Methods & Tools Modeler or Knowledge Engineer Army CALL Bulletins Doctrine, SOP, TTP Domain Model Activity Templates & Constraints Subject Matter Experts

13. SUO/PDA Preliminary Systems Sketch Planning & Decision Aids Use Stage Echelon N Planning & Execution System Other Modules Echelon N Planning-related Support Modules OPORD FRAGO Reports Echelon N+1 Planning & Execution System Other Modules Echelon N+1 Planning-related Support Modules OPORD FRAGO Reports OPORD FRAGO Reports Domain Model Activity Templates & Constraints Company Level Platoon/Squad Level

14. SUO/PDA Preliminary System Sketch Instantiation of Components Echelon N Planning & Execution System Other Modules Echelon N Planning-related Support Modules Echelon N+1 Planning & Execution System Other Modules Echelon N+1 Planning-related Support Modules Domain Model Activity Templates & Constraints E.g., MPA, SIPE-2, O-Plan, ACP 3 E.g., Plan Sketch ToolE.g., Web O-Plan, O-P 3 E.g., ModSAF, Blue/Red Force Laydown E.g., Act Editor, CPF