1. Matter

2. Writing Prompt For three minutes, write everything you know about matter. Please write in complete sentences.

3. Matter Class Prior Knowledge

4. Experimental Design With your group, design a process for separating the dirt and saltwater mixture into water, salt, and dirt. Once your group’s procedure is approved by Mrs. Fleming, your group can proceed with the process.

6. Types of Matter I. Pure Substances A.Elements – a.one type of atom b.Found on the periodic table c.Each element symbol starts with a capital letter B.Compounds – a.Two or more different types of elements chemically bonded together b.Can be broken apart by chemical means

7. Types of Matter Cont. II.Mixtures A.Homogenenous a.Solutions b.Colloids B.Heterogeneous a.Suspensions

8. GasLiquidSolid Gas Oxygen and other gases into Nitrogen (Air) Water Vapor in air (humidity) The odor of a solid material—molecules of that solid are dissolved into the air Liquid Carbon dioxide in water (carbonated water) Ethanol in water Petroleum Sucrose in water Salt in water Solid Palladium metals soaks up hydrogen like a sponge 1cm 3 can hold 900cm 3 of H Water in Activated Charcoal Metallic alloys are mixtures of different metals States of Matter

9. Solutions Solution is a mixture of two or more substances mixed together so that the mixture appears to be the same throughout-homogeneous ▫ Solutions are mixed at the molecular level Solvent- is the component of the mixture that is doing the dissolving Solute- is the component that is being dissolved ▫ If the material is covalently bonded, like sugar, it dissolves as an entire molecule, -its stays together ▫ If the materials is ionically bonded, like salt, it dissolves by breaking down into ions which have a charge

10. How dissolving happens- in water Water is a polar molecule, which means that it has a positive area and a negative area to it -Water is also called the universal solvent because it is plentiful and can dissolve ionic and most covalent compounds

11. For dissolving to occur, the positive end of a water molecule attracts to the negative end of the solute, such as sugar The water molecules are always moving so they move around and equally space out the sugar molecules Dissolving with non-polar solvents Ex : oil, gas, paint thinners, acetone

12. Nonpolar means that the molecule is essentially neutral, and has no areas that are charged, so polar molecules have nothing to hold on to Non-polar solvents can dissolve the rest of the covalently bonded molecules Non-polar solvents and polar solvents don’t mix Like dissolves like

13. Increasing the rate of dissolving Stirring- increases the rate at which solvent molecules meet up with solute molecules, works best for solids, causes gases to come out of solution Decrease crystal size-increases surface area Increasing the amount of solvent Increasing the temperature- only works for solids Decreasing the temperature –only works for gases

14. B) Solubility Curves -shows you the amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a particular solvent, typically water, at a particular temperature Solids tend to become more soluble as the temperature increases NaCl has leveled off because the solution is saturated and can hold no more

15. Solubility of a gas goes down as temperature goes up

16. Sodium Nitrate at 20C Calcium Chloride at 0 C Calcium Chloride at 25 C Which one can dissolve the least at 80 C Why does NaCl not change very much as temperature changes?