1. Some Concluding Remarks Thomas Roser (BNL) Tremendous progress in the tools for spin physics (Model T to Lamborghini) Holy Grail for polarized sources: Same intensity for polarized and unpolarized beams RHIC – the first high energy polarized proton collider – is fully operational Intensity (luminosity) is not limited by polarization at RHIC. It never operated with unpolarized proton beam! But many old and new challenges remain

2. Plans for upgraded and new polarized facilities: Hadron drivers (J-Parc, FAIR) Colliders (RHIC II, EIC, ILC, LHC?) We need: High intensity, high brightness polarized e - and e + beams High intensity, high energy polarized 3 He, D beams Polarized anti-proton beams Better polarimetry …

3. 1.1981Ann ArborPolarized Proton Ion SourcesA. Krisch 2.1983TRIUMFPolarized Proton Ion SourcesG. Roy P. Schmor 3.1986MontanaInternational Workshop on Polarized Sources and TargetsS. Jaccard 4.1990KEKInternational Workshop on Polarized Ion Sources and Polarized Gas TargetsY. Mori 5.1993MadisonInternational Workshop on Polarized Ion Sources and Polarized Gas TargetsL.W. Andresen W. Haeberli 6.1995KolnInternational Workshop on Polarized Ion Sources and Polarized Gas TargetsP. gen Shieck 7.1997UrbanaInternational Workshop on Polarized Ion Sources and Polarized Gas Targets (e-sources) R. Holt 8.1999ErlangenInternational Workshop on Polarized Ion Sources and Polarized Targets (e-sources, solid targets) E. Steffens 9.2001IndianaInternational Workshop on Polarized Sources and Targets (e-sources, solid targets, polarimeters) V. Derenchuk 10.2003NovosibirskInternational Workshop on Polarized Sources and Targets (e-sources, solid targets) D. Toporkov 11.2005TokyoInternational Workshop on Polarized Sources and Targets (e- sources, solid targets) T. Uesaka 12.2007BNLInternational Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (e-sources, solid targets, polarimeters) A. Zelenski 13.2009Europe? International Workshops on Polarized Sources and Targets. Interested? Please send proposal to Chair of International Spin Physics Committee, Ken Imai (imai@nh.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp)