1. Using UK microdata to study residential mobility and integration of ethnic groups Census 2011: Impact and Potential Manchester, 7-8 th July 2011 Nissa Finney (University of Manchester) Nissa.Finney@manchester.ac.uk

2. 2001 Census microdata Individual Controlled Access Microdata Sample (I-CAMS): More detail than I-SAR District geography Individual Licensed Sample of Anonymised Records (I-SAR): 3% sample 1.84 million records Full census topics Regional geography

3. Two examples for Today… 1.Ethnic differences in the levels and characteristics of residential mobility 2. Ethnic differences in the geographies of residential mobility

4. The key qualities of the microdata Other migration datasets dont have ethnicity (or sufficient numbers of minorities) or are for partial populations e.g. Patient Register, School Census, BHPS Other ethnicity datasets dont have migration e.g. Citizenship Survey Ethnic Group Migration Geography Very Large Sample

5. Authors on migration using census microdata: Al-Hamad, Atkins, Bailey, Birkin, Bond, Bonney, Boyle, Champion, Cooke, Coombes, Duke- Williams, Findlay, Fisher, Flowerdew, Ford, Forster, Fortheringham, Halfacree, Hayes, Hollywood, Jarvis, Livingston, Norman, Owen, Peach,Phillips,Rees, Short, Smith, Stockdale….. Authors on migration and ethnicity using census microdata: Brice, Champion, Guilietti, Hussain, Norman, Owen, Peach, Phillips, Raymer, Rees, Simpson, Stillwell…. Migration studies with census microdata

6. Ethnic differences in residential mobility

7. Within- Britain migration rates by ethnic group (%) Crude Migration Rate (%) Age-Standardised Rate (%) African18.5Other15.5 Other18.4African15.1 Other White17.9Other White14.5 Chinese17.6Mixed13.9 Mixed16.1Other Asian13.8 Other Asian15.7Chinese13.7 Other Black13.0Irish12.7 Bangladeshi11.5Other Black11.9 Pakistani11.3White Briton11.3 Caribbean11.3Caribbean10.9 White Briton11.0Pakistani9.8 Indian10.9Bangladeshi9.4 Irish10.6Indian9.5

8. Age-migration profile by ethnic group Internal migration rates (%)

9. For each ethnic group, the most mobile are: managers and professionals females private renters post-16 qualifications immigrants students without children separated or divorced Common characteristics of migrants

10. Ethnic differences in residential mobility Odds ratio of migrating within Britain Reference category: White British, Manager/Professional, Single, male, home owner, with qualifications up to GCSE level, non-student, UK born, no children.

11. Ethnic groups Norms of life transitions Migration patterns Heritage Culture Traditions Religion Differences in… STUDENT

12. Ethnicity and migration Ethnic differences in migration during transition to adulthood may be expected because of differences in: Values and marriage markets (US, Fussell et al 2007) Family context and intergenerational transfers (Mulder 1997) Homeleaving pathways (de Valk and Billari 2007, Mitchell et al 2004, Goldschneider and Goldschneider 1997) Gender differences in migration pronounced for immigrant populations (Mulder 2007, de Valk and Billari 2007)

13. Potential roles of Ethnicity in HE choice and migration Consideration of the ethnic mix of the destination (Ball et al 2002) Socio-spatial perceptions (Ball et al 2002) Family influence on higher education decisions greater for minorities than for Whites (Connor et al 2004). Relatively limited experience of older ethnic minorities of UK HE reduces the likelihood of intergenerational transfer of norms of university study (Brooks 2003) Different choice processes and opportunity structures (Reay et al 2001)

14. Students: Probability of migrating Reference category: White British, Manager/Professional, single, male, home owner, qualifications up to GCSE level, not a student, born in UK, without children. AGE 16-29

15. Migration, Ethnicity and Studying

16. Ethnic differences in geographies of internal migration

17. Dispersal from co-ethnic concentrations Balance of migration, % of population Group concentrationsGroupWhite Indian -0.40-1.23 Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Other South Asian -0.34-0.79 Chinese -0.21-1.23 Black -1.650.13 Based on districts in GB

18. Counterurbanisation Based on districts in GB Counterurbanisation

19. Minorities-279 Whites-1,944 Net Migration, high minority concentration districts Children and Older Adults Geographies of migration by Age Minorities-8 Whites1,307 Net Migration, high minority concentration districts Young Adults (18-29) Dispersal Counterurbanisation Dispersal/mixing within urban areas? Urbanisation and ethnic mixing

20. The unique benefits of Census Microdata Sufficient sample size to allow analysis of population sub-groups e.g. ethnic groups Migration transition variables (type of move, distance of move) Co-variates representing full census topics Geographical detail (Region in I-SAR, district in I-CAMS) Ethnicity matters for understanding migration!

21. The data wish list for migration studies Migration histories/Event data Data where co-incidence of migration and other life events or status changes are identifiable Finer geographies Promise of Understanding Society Potential of Census 2011?

22. Acknowledgements Co-researchers: Ludi Simpson, Albert Sabater The 2001 Census Samples of Anonymised Records are provided through the Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research (University of Manchester), with the support of the ESRC and JISC. Use of the 2001 Census Controlled Access Microdata Sample is supported by the Office for National Statistics. Census output is Crown copyright and all tables containing Census data, and the results of analysis, are reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office and the Queen's Printer for Scotland. The authors alone are responsible for the interpretation of the data.

23. APPENDIX

24. Within- Britain migration rates by ethnic group (%) Crude Migration Rate (%) Age-Standardised Rate (%) African18.5Other15.5 Other18.4African15.1 Other White17.9Other White14.5 Chinese17.6Mixed13.9 Mixed16.1Other Asian13.8 Other Asian15.7Chinese13.7 Other Black13.0Irish12.7 Bangladeshi11.5Other Black11.9 Pakistani11.3White Briton11.3 Caribbean11.3Caribbean10.9 White Briton11.0Pakistani9.8 Indian10.9Bangladeshi9.4 Irish10.6Indian9.5

25. A gender effect? Reference category: White British, Manager/Professional, single, male, home owner, qualifications up to GCSE level, not a student, born in UK, without children. AGE 16-29