1. The Renaissance Period 1485-1660

2. The Renaissance Rebirth of intellectual and artistic ideals which characterized ancient Greek and Roman civilizations Rebirth of intellectual and artistic ideals which characterized ancient Greek and Roman civilizations Achievements in cultural and intellectual capacities and the visual arts flourished Achievements in cultural and intellectual capacities and the visual arts flourished

3. The Renaissance Italy was the center of the Renaissance, it then spread to England and beyond Italy was the center of the Renaissance, it then spread to England and beyond

4. Humanism Focused on seeking human perfection Focused on seeking human perfection Humanists wanted to train people to speak and write with eloquence and clarity Humanists wanted to train people to speak and write with eloquence and clarity They sought to add grammar, poetry, rhetoric, history and philosophy to the Medieval style of education which was logic and reason They sought to add grammar, poetry, rhetoric, history and philosophy to the Medieval style of education which was logic and reason

5. Henry VIII After the stability of Henry VII came the turmoil of Henry VIII After the stability of Henry VII came the turmoil of Henry VIII

6. Henry VIII In the beginning of the 16 th Century the Protestant Reformation took place- Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to the church door In the beginning of the 16 th Century the Protestant Reformation took place- Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to the church door This was done in attempt to reform the Catholic church which was viewed as corrupt This was done in attempt to reform the Catholic church which was viewed as corrupt It fractured Christianity and began a new branch called Protestantism It fractured Christianity and began a new branch called Protestantism

7. Henry VIII Henry took the fracture within the church as a chance to defy the pope, who would not grant him a divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, who failed to produce a male heir Henry took the fracture within the church as a chance to defy the pope, who would not grant him a divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, who failed to produce a male heir He divorced her and then married Anne Boleyn He divorced her and then married Anne Boleyn

8. Henry VIII After the pope excommunicated him because of the divorce, Henry seized the church’s assets, declared himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England and passed the Act of Supremacy After the pope excommunicated him because of the divorce, Henry seized the church’s assets, declared himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England and passed the Act of Supremacy This act gave the king supremacy over the church This act gave the king supremacy over the church This power makes him brutal This power makes him brutal

9. Henry VIII Sir Thomas More, the center of a circle of humanists, was a counselor to Henry VIII Sir Thomas More, the center of a circle of humanists, was a counselor to Henry VIII He disagreed with Henry’s split from the Catholic church and refused to accept him as the Supreme Head He disagreed with Henry’s split from the Catholic church and refused to accept him as the Supreme Head Henry imprisoned him in the Tower of London and then beheaded him Henry imprisoned him in the Tower of London and then beheaded him

10. Edward VI After the death of Henry VIII in 1547- his 9 year old son Edward VI becomes king After the death of Henry VIII in 1547- his 9 year old son Edward VI becomes king Known as “The Boy King,” he is very sickly Known as “The Boy King,” he is very sickly The country is ruled by a council of senior officials The country is ruled by a council of senior officials Edward died at the age of 15 Edward died at the age of 15

11. Mary After Edward’s death, Mary becomes queen- she is the daughter of Catherine of Aragon After Edward’s death, Mary becomes queen- she is the daughter of Catherine of Aragon Mary is a devout Catholic Mary is a devout Catholic Wife of Phillip II Wife of Phillip II

12. Bloody Mary Known as Bloody Mary for her treatment of Protestants at this time Known as Bloody Mary for her treatment of Protestants at this time She tried to bring the country back to Catholicism, if any Protestant refused she executed them She tried to bring the country back to Catholicism, if any Protestant refused she executed them Roughly 275 people were Roughly 275 people were killed killed

14. Elizabeth I After 5 years on the throne, Mary died and Elizabeth I was named Queen After 5 years on the throne, Mary died and Elizabeth I was named Queen She is strong, smart and independent and leads the country back to a national unity She is strong, smart and independent and leads the country back to a national unity

15. Elizabeth I She was a great patron of the arts She was a great patron of the arts Elizabeth also condoned piracy- Sir Francis Drake, acting under her authority, began raiding Spanish ships Elizabeth also condoned piracy- Sir Francis Drake, acting under her authority, began raiding Spanish ships 1588 Spanish Armada sailed against England but was defeated 1588 Spanish Armada sailed against England but was defeated http://movieclips.com/6btj-elizabeth-movie-elizabeth-speaks-with- queen-mary/ http://movieclips.com/6btj-elizabeth-movie-elizabeth-speaks-with- queen-mary/

16. Important Literary Figures Edmund Spenser- “Faerie Queene” written for Elizabeth Edmund Spenser- “Faerie Queene” written for Elizabeth Sir Philip Sydney Sir Philip Sydney Christopher Marlowe Christopher Marlowe Ben Jonson Ben Jonson William Shakespeare William Shakespeare

17. Evolution of Drama In the Medieval era drama was used almost exclusively for moral instruction. In the Medieval era drama was used almost exclusively for moral instruction. Often Medieval dramas were allegorical and religious. Often Medieval dramas were allegorical and religious. Drama was closely linked with the church. Drama was closely linked with the church.

18. Drama in the Renaissance Not only for moral instruction Not only for moral instruction Characters have more internal conflict and depth Characters have more internal conflict and depth Plays are less religious Plays are less religious Writers move focus to the beauty of language and poetry Writers move focus to the beauty of language and poetry

19. Shakespeare’s Dramatic Patterns Tragic Structure Tragic Structure Exposition Exposition Problem Problem Rising Action Rising Action Climax Climax Resolution Resolution Recurring Patterns Recurring Patterns Contrasting worlds Rise of one person at the expense of another Disguises and deceptions The supernatural Redemption Characters who are opposites (foils) Characters facing similar situations