1. Bill Gerwick, OSU

2. What are Secondary Metabolites? Also known as natural products, secondary metabolites are organic compounds (small molecules) that are not significant in the everyday processes, development or normal growth of an organism. However, they play an important role in the ecology of the organism such as defense, or facilitating reproduction, among others. For centuries, humans have used plants secondary metabolites as defense and valuable medical resources, however, during the last 40 years marine natural products have been the center of numerous research projects

3. Marine Secondary Metabolites A large number of antibiotics, medical, and industrial products are produced from secondary metabolites. Although plants natural products are very rich, marine invertebrates such as sponges, bryozoans, mollusks, tunicates, etc, contribute greatly to the production of marine secondary metabolites (from symbiotic bacteria or fungi), producing the largest chemical diversity of natural products.

4. Use of Marine Secondary Metabolites Porifera (sponges) - Bryozoa (bryozoans)‏ Produce cytotoxic compounds– A potential anti-cancer drug

5. Cytarabine Isolation of C-nucleosides from the Caribbean sponge, Cryptotheca crypta. This discovery provided the basis for the synthesis of cytarabine, the first marine-derived anticancer agent to be developed for clinical use.

6. Ecteinascidin 743 Natural marine product isolated from the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata Potential new anti-cancer compound

7. Bryostatin Compound derived from Bugula neritina. Many medicinal potentials: Anti-tumor Preservation of memory- Alzheimer Depression

8. Not only marine macroorganisms play an important role in the production of natural products, microorganisms also are important, being unexploited resources for novel bioactive compounds

9. Use of secondary metabolites produced by marine fungi, metabolic pathways, and origin

10. Antitumors & Antibacterials Alcyonarian (bacterial)‏ Mollusks (used also in enzymatic inhibition by bacterial & fungal)‏ Marine sponge (used also in enzymatic inhibition by bacterial & fungal)‏ Tunicates (bacterial & fungal)‏ Marine worms (only antibacterial)‏

11. Antiviral From Phanerogame (fungal)‏ and sedimentary bacteria Antifungal, antitumoral, antidopamine, Blue and Brown Alga (fungal)‏

12. Anti-inflammatory Jellyfish (bacterial)‏ Crab (fungal)‏

13. References: Costantino, V.; Fattorusso, E.; Menna, M.; Taglialatela-Scafati, O. (2004) Chemical Diversity of Bioactive Marine Natural Products: An Illustrative Case Study. Current Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 11, 1671-1692 Battershill, C.; Jaspars, M.; Long, P. Marine biodiscovery: new drugs from the ocean depths. Volume 52 Number 2. pp 107-114. Kelecome, A. (2005). Secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms. Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 74, num. 1. pp 151–170. Available from. http://74.125.47.132/search?q=cache:DEYy6hfI_jQJ:www.scielo.br/pdf/aabc/v74n1/v7 4n1a12.pdf+use+of+marine+secondary+metabolites&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us http://74.125.47.132/search?q=cache:DEYy6hfI_jQJ:www.scielo.br/pdf/aabc/v74n1/v7 4n1a12.pdf+use+of+marine+secondary+metabolites&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us Dr. A. S. NinawePhD. (2006). Marine Natural Products and Antagonistic Properties of Marine Organisms for Human Health. PharmAsia. Available from. http://www.pharmaasia.com/article-5858- marinenaturalproductsandantagonisticpropertiesofmarineorganismsforhumanhealth- Asia.html http://www.pharmaasia.com/article-5858- marinenaturalproductsandantagonisticpropertiesofmarineorganismsforhumanhealth- Asia.html D'Incalci, M. ; Erba, E.; Damia, G.; Galliera, E.; Carrassa, L.; Marchini, S.; Mantovani, R,; Tognon, G. ; Fruscio, R.; Jimeno, J.; Faircloth, G.T. (2002) Unique Features of the Mode of Action of ET-743. The Oncologist, Vol. 7, No. 3, 210-216 Shwartzmann, G. (2001) Marine Organisms as a source new anticancer agents. The Lancet Oncology. 2: 221-225.

14. Cont. Photos: Introductory page. Coral - http://www.pharmaasia.com/article-5858- marinenaturalproductsandantagonisticpropertiesofmarineorganismsforhu manhealth-Asia.htmlhttp://www.pharmaasia.com/article-5858- marinenaturalproductsandantagonisticpropertiesofmarineorganismsforhu manhealth-Asia.html Sea Squirt - http://www.marinebiotech.org/biomed.htmlhttp://www.marinebiotech.org/biomed.html Environment Canada. http://waterquality.ec.gc.ca/WaterQualityWeb/CABINBenthicData.aspx?statio nId=CLB05198&lang=FR&Year=1998&SampleNumber=1&Taxa=Porifera http://waterquality.ec.gc.ca/WaterQualityWeb/CABINBenthicData.aspx?statio nId=CLB05198&lang=FR&Year=1998&SampleNumber=1&Taxa=Porifera Diagram page 4 - http://www.pharmaasia.com/article-5858- marinenaturalproductsandantagonisticpropertiesofmarineorganismsforhuma nhealth-Asia.htmlhttp://www.pharmaasia.com/article-5858- marinenaturalproductsandantagonisticpropertiesofmarineorganismsforhuma nhealth-Asia.html Bryozoa - http://dic.academic.ru/pictures/enwiki/72/Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpghttp://dic.academic.ru/pictures/enwiki/72/Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg Porifera (sponges) - http://waterquality.ec.gc.ca/WaterQualityWeb/CABINBenthicData.aspx?statio nId=CLB05198&lang=FR&Year=1998&SampleNumber=1&Taxa=Porifera http://waterquality.ec.gc.ca/WaterQualityWeb/CABINBenthicData.aspx?statio nId=CLB05198&lang=FR&Year=1998&SampleNumber=1&Taxa=Porifera

15. Photos: Carribean Sponge: http://reefcolors.net/Galleries/2006_MariaLaGorda/conte nt/bin/images/large/TG_124_19.jpg http://reefcolors.net/Galleries/2006_MariaLaGorda/conte nt/bin/images/large/TG_124_19.jpg Cytarabine http://www.drugs.com/pro/images/lbc2fa221- ea56-48b8-8304-42cd81b8463b/cytarabine-02.jpghttp://www.drugs.com/pro/images/lbc2fa221- ea56-48b8-8304-42cd81b8463b/cytarabine-02.jpg Bryostatin http://www.copewithcytokines.de/bryostatin.gif http://www.copewithcytokines.de/bryostatin.gif Bugula neritina http://www.serc.si.edu/labs/benthic_ecology/images/Bug ula%20neritina.jpg http://www.serc.si.edu/labs/benthic_ecology/images/Bug ula%20neritina.jpg Bugula neritina http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8zvjGfjw3XA/RfwU73bQYSI/A AAAAAAAAF4/T368OaVNOnQ/s400/Bugula_neritina%5 B1%5D.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_8zvjGfjw3XA/RfwU73bQYSI/A AAAAAAAAF4/T368OaVNOnQ/s400/Bugula_neritina%5 B1%5D.jpg