1. (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)
ORTHOPTERA
(grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)

2. ? ✓ ✓ ✓ = Orthopteroid orders Plecoptera Zoraptera Embiodea Dermaptera
Grylloblattodea ✓
Mantophasmatodea ✓
Polyneoptera
Phasmida
Orthoptera
Mantodea
Isoptera
Blattaria
Psocoptera
Neoptera
Phthiraptera
Paraneoptera
Thysanoptera
Hemiptera
Coleoptera
Rhaphidioptera
Neuropterida
Megaloptera
Neuroptera
Hymenoptera
Mecoptera
Siphonaptera
Diptera ?
Panorpida
Strepsiptera
Trichoptera
Lepidoptera
= Orthopteroid orders

3. Hexapod Orders Orthoptera Ortho - straight, ptera - wing
Number of Species
23,000
Common names
Grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, katydids
Typical habitats
- vegetation, worldwide
Distinguishing characteristics
ovipositor
saltatorial hind legs
Other features
-first group to use sound in communication

4. Orthopteran Phylogeny

5. Fossil Crickets & grasshoppers

6. Characteristics of Orthoptera
1. Chewing Mouthparts

7. Characteristics of Orthoptera
2. Saltatorial Hind Legs

8. Two Suborders of Orthoptera
1. Caelifera - Grasshoppers
diurnal, jumping
short antennae
terrestrial (not arboreal)
2. Ensifera - katydids, crickets
nocturnal, walking
long antennae
arboreal

9. Sound Production
Ensifera

10. Sound production - stridulation

11. Sound production - stridulation

12. Sound production - stridulation
Katydid song
Cricket song

13. Sound production - stridulation

14. Sound production - habitat modification
Mole cricket song

15. Phylogeny of Stridulation
From Gwynne 1995

16. Sound Reception
Ensifera

17. Ensifera - hearing

18. Ensifera - hearing

19. Sound Production
Caelifera

20. Sound Reception
Caelifera

21. Sound Reception

22. Orthoptera - Camouflage
Caelifera

23. Ensifera - Camouflage/Mimicry

24. Orthoptera - Camouflage
Ensifera

25. Ensifera - Nutrients to Female

26. Ensifera - Nutrients to Female

27. Does the female get the nutrients?
Spermatophore takes up radioactive protein
Inject male with radioactive protein
Spermatophore passed to female
Eggs contain radioactive protein

28. Amount of spermatophylax eaten
Ensifera - Nutrients to Female
Amount of spermatophylax eaten
Protein in diet
Female size
Egg size
Number of eggs
% surviving
Son: length of time as a juvenile
Son’s size
Spermatophylax size
Daughter: length of time as a juvenile
Daughter’s size
Number of eggs

29. Some representative Orthoptera
Ensifera
Hagloidea
- grigs, Cyphoderris
Gryllidae - crickets, mole crickets

30. Some representative Orthoptera
Ensifera
Stenopalmatidae
- Jerusalem cricket & wetas
Tettigoniidae - katydids

31. Some representative Orthoptera
Caelifera
Acrididae
- Grasshoppers & locusts

32. Economic Importance
Schistocerca gregaria - migratory locust
Solitary Dispersing

33. Economic Importance
Schistocerca gregaria - migratory locust
Solitary Dispersing

34. Economic Importance
Schistocerca gregaria - migratory locust •

35. Locust outbreaks - Australia

36. Economic Importance

37. Economic Importance

38. Economic Importance